全高丰度稀土(Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B永磁的研究现状和未来发展
收稿日期: 2023-03-23
修回日期: 2024-01-28
网络出版日期: 2024-02-26
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2052);国家自然科学基金项目(52071143);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M720845)
Research Status and Future Development of (Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B Permanent Magnets Based on Full High-Abundance Rare Earth Elements
Received date: 2023-03-23
Revised date: 2024-01-28
Online published: 2024-02-26
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A2052);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071143);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M720845)
随着市场对Nd-Fe-B永磁材料需求的不断增加，昂贵的Nd、Pr、Dy和Tb等关键稀土元素的消耗也日益增加，而廉价的Ce、La和Y等高丰度稀土元素积压严重。开发不含关键稀土元素的全高丰度永磁材料有望填补永磁铁氧体和黏结Nd-Fe-B磁体之间的性能空白，不仅可以满足中低端市场领域对永磁材料的多样化需求，也利于实现稀土资源的平衡利用。然而，目前针对Ce、La、Y基稀土永磁的理解和认识还有待深入，所获得的高丰度稀土永磁的性能普遍较低，难以实际应用。本文基于国内外最新进展和作者团队的研究工作，总结了近期关于不含关键稀土Nd、Pr、Dy和Tb的(Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B永磁合金和磁体的研究现状。重点关注了纳米晶快淬三元合金的相结构和冶金行为以及多元合金的成分设计与元素交互作用，详细阐述了全高丰度稀土基致密化磁体的制备工艺、显微组织与磁性能之间的关系。最后对全高丰度稀土永磁的未来发展趋势进行了展望。
刘仲武 , 周帮 , 廖雪峰 , 何家毅 . 全高丰度稀土(Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B永磁的研究现状和未来发展[J]. 金属学报, 2024 , 60(5) : 585 -604 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00117
The surging demand for Nd-Fe-B-based rare earth (RE) permanent magnets has led to a sharp increase in the consumption of critical RE elements, such as Nd, Pr, Dy, and Tb. As a result, the high cost of these elements has become a major issue. Judging from the perspective of economy and resource availablity, the overstock of abundant and inexpensive RE resources, including La, Ce, and Y, offers a new opportunity to develop cost-effective permanent magnets containing no critical RE elements. RE-Fe-B magnets based on full high-abundance REs, i.e., (Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B type magnets, are expected to serve as an alternative to fill the performance gap between hard ferrites and bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets. This approach can not only meet the diversified demand for permanent magnet materials in the middle- and low-end markets, but also contribute to a balanced use of RE resources. At present, however, the recognition and understanding of Ce-, La-, and Y-based RE-Fe-B permanent magnets still require further research, and the performance of these magnets in the laboratory is quite low, which makes practical applications difficult. Based on the latest domestic and overseas developments and the research results obtaned by the authors' research group, this review summarizes the research progress on Ce-, La-, and Y-based RE-Fe-B permanent magnetic alloys and associated densified magnets. The analysis highlights the magnetic properties and metallurgical behavior of rapidly quenched RE-Fe-B alloys, alloying composition design, and element interactions in multicomponent, rapidly quenched (Ce, La, Y)-Fe-B alloys. Moreover, the relationship between the preparation process, microstructure, and magnetic properties of bulk RE-Fe-B densified magnets is discussed. Finally, the improvement and future development trends of full high-abundance RE permanent magnets are also explored.
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