3D相场模拟研究Ti-6Al-4V合金片层组织形貌的影响因素
收稿日期: 2023-09-19
修回日期: 2023-10-23
网络出版日期: 2024-01-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U2241245,91960202);航空科学基金项目(2022Z053092001);冲击环境材料技术重点实验室基金项目(6142902220301);冲击波物理与爆轰物理重点实验室基金项目(2022JCJQLB05702)
3D Phase Field Simulation of Factors Influencing the Microstructure Morphology of Lamellar Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Received date: 2023-09-19
Revised date: 2023-10-23
Online published: 2024-01-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241245,91960202);Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(2022Z053092001);National Key Laboratory Foundation of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact(6142902220301);Opening Project of National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics(2022JCJQLB05702)
Ti-6Al-4V是典型双相钛合金,不同的微观组织决定其力学性能,但由于缺少晶界α、片层α、α侧枝等相对取向关系的三维信息,难以实现组织的精准调控。本工作基于Pandat和Thermo-Calc热力学数据以及DICTRA动力学数据,采用相场法模拟Ti-6Al-4V合金片层α组织的三维形貌。研究了在820℃热处理温度下,界面能各向异性对片层α生长的影响并分析了不同时刻的溶质场。结果表明,片层α组织的演化形貌受界面能各向异性的影响,界面能各向异性由0.4:0.1:1.0增长到0.8:0.1:1.0时,片层α由粗大棒状转为细长针状。界面能各向异性越大,片层生长的速率越快。不同界面能各向异性条件下片层α组织的主要差别在于片层的疏密程度和生长速度,而生长方向基本无异,单片层的宽度逐渐变宽。相场模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,片层组织的三维模拟结果展示出比扫描电镜二维照片更丰富的片层侧枝细节。在3D模拟中可观测到晶粒不同位置处侧枝的形貌。结果表明,侧枝与主片层之间的夹角既有实验观测到的30°,还存在任意角度。
张瑶 , 齐敏 , 孙佳 , 吴婷 , 马英杰 , 王皞 , 杨锐 . 3D相场模拟研究Ti-6Al-4V合金片层组织形貌的影响因素[J]. 金属学报, 2024 , 60(9) : 1265 -1278 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00392
Ti-6Al-4V, a typical dual-phase titanium alloy, has mechanical properties largely determined by its microstructures. However, the absence of three-dimensional (3D) information regarding the relative orientation relationships of grain boundary α, α lamellae, and α side branches, hinders precise microstructure control. In this study, using thermodynamic data from Pandat and Thermo-Calc, along with kinetic data from DICTRA, the 3D morphology of α lamellae in Ti-6Al-4V alloy was simulated via the phase field method. This study simulated the influence of interfacial energy anisotropy on the growth of α lamellae at a heat treatment temperature of 820°C and analyzed the corresponding solute field. The findings reveal that interface energy anisotropy considerably affects the morphology of α lamellae. When the anisotropy of the interface energy increased from 0.4:0.1:1.0 to 0.8:0.1:1.0, the α lamellae transformed from a thick rod shape to a slender needle shape. Higher anisotropy levels lead to accelerated growth rates of α lamellae. Variation in interface anisotropy, primarily affect the density and growth rate of α lamellae, while their growth direction remains consistent. Additionally, the width of individual lamellae progressively widens under different interface anisotropies. The phase-field simulation results align closely with experimental findings. Notably, the 3D simulation results of α lamellae organization offer more detailed insights into the side branches of α lamellae than two-dimensional (2D) SEM images. In 3D simulation, it can be observed the growth morphology of side branches at different positions of grains. The results indicate that the angle between the main lamellae and the side branches includes experimental observations of 30° and random angles.
Key words: Ti-6Al-4V; phase-field; α lamellae; interfacial energy; solute field
| 1 | Greenfield M A, Margolin H. The mechanism of void formation, void growth, and tensile fracture in an alloy consisting of two ductile phases [J]. Metall. Trans., 1972, 3: 2649 |
| 2 | Yoder G R, Cooley L A, Crooker T W. Observations on microstructurally sensitive fatigue crack growth in a widmanst?tten Ti-6Al-4V alloy [J]. Metall. Trans., 1977, 8A: 1737 |
| 3 | Yoder G R, Cooley L A, Crooker T W. Quantitative analysis of microstructural effects on fatigue crack growth in widmanst?tten Ti-6A1-4V and Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V [J]. Eng. Fract. Mech., 1979, 11: 805 |
| 4 | Hall I W, Hammond C. Fracture toughness and crack propagation in titanium alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1978, 32: 241 |
| 5 | Banerjee R, Bhattacharyya D, Collins P C, et al. Precipitation of grain boundary α in a laser deposited compositionally graded Ti-8Al-xV alloy—An orientation microscopy study [J]. Acta Mater., 2004, 52: 377 |
| 6 | Chong Y, Bhattacharjee T, Tsuji N. Bi-lamellar microstructure in Ti-6Al-4V: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A762: 138077 |
| 7 | Ma Y J, Liu J R, Lei J F, et al. Influence of fatigue crack tip plastic zone on crack propagation behavior in TC4ELI alloy [J]. Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 2009, 19: 1789 |
| 马英杰, 刘建荣, 雷家峰 等. TC4ELI合金疲劳裂纹尖端塑性区对裂纹扩展的影响 [J]. 中国有色金属学报, 2009, 19: 1789 | |
| 8 | Yang M, Wang G, Teng C Y, et al. 3D phase field simulation of effect of interfacial energy anisotropy on sideplate growth in Ti-6Al-4V [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2013, 48: 148 |
| 杨 梅, 王 刚, 滕春禹 等. Ti-6Al-4V中界面能对α相片层生长的影响三维相场模拟 [J]. 金属学报, 2013, 48: 148 | |
| 9 | Wang Y Z, Ma N Y, Chen Q, et al. Predicting phase equilibrium, phase transformation, and microstructure evolution in titanium alloys [J]. JOM, 2005, 57(9): 32 |
| 10 | Sun J, Qi M, Zhang J H, et al. Formation mechanism of α lamellae during β→α transformation in polycrystalline dual-phase Ti alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 71: 98 |
| 11 | Huang X N, Ding S B, Yue W. Cryogenic treatment on Ti6Al4V alloy fabricated by electron beam melting: Microstructure and mechanical properties [J]. J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2022, 20: 3323 |
| 12 | Wang G, Xu D S, Yang R. Phase field simulation on sideplates formation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy [J]. Acta Phys. Sin, 2009, 58(suppl.1) : S343 |
| 王 刚, 徐东生, 杨 锐. Ti-6Al-4V合金中片层组织形成的相场模拟 [J]. 物理学报, 2009, 58(): S343 | |
| 13 | Shi R P, Choudhuri D, Kashiwar A, et al. α phase growth and branching in titanium alloys [J]. Philos. Mag., 2022, 102: 389 |
| 14 | Shi R P, Li D, Antonov S, et al. Origin of morphological variation of grain boundary precipitates in titanium alloys [J]. Scr. Mater., 2022, 214: 114651 |
| 15 | Shi R P, Zhou N, Niezgoda S R, et al. Microstructure and transformation texture evolution during α precipitation in polycrystalline α/β titanium alloys—A simulation study [J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 94: 224 |
| 16 | Ginzburg V L, Landau L D. On the theory of superconductivity [A]. Translation in Collected Papers of L.D. Landau [C]. Oxford: Pergamon, 1965: 546 |
| 17 | Allen S M, Cahn J W. A microscopic theory for antiphase boundary motion and its application to antiphase domain coarsening [J]. Acta Metall., 1979, 27: 1085 |
| 18 | Cahn J W, Hilliard J E. Free energy of a nonuniform system. I. Interfacial free energy [J]. J. Chem. Phys., 1958, 28: 258 |
| 19 | Langer J S. Models of pattern formation in first-order phase transitions [A]. Directions in Condensed Matter Physics [M]. Singapore: World Scientific, 1986: 165 |
| 20 | Hohenberg P C, Halperin B I. Theory of dynamic critical phenomena [J]. Rev. Mod. Phys., 1977, 49: 435 |
| 21 | Wang Y, Chen L Q, Khachaturyan A G. Kinetics of strain-induced morphological transformation in cubic alloys with a miscibility gap [J]. Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, 41: 279 |
| 22 | Chen L Q. A computer simulation technique for spinodal decomposition and ordering in ternary systems [J]. Scr. Metall. Mater., 1993, 29: 683 |
| 23 | Khachaturyan A G. Theory of structural transformations in solids [M]. New York: Wiley-Interscience Publications, 1983: 574 |
| 24 | Sun J, Li X X, Zhang J H, et al. Phase field modeling of formation mechanism of grain boundary allotriomorph in β→α phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2020, 56: 1113 |
| 孙 佳, 李学雄, 张金虎 等. Ti-6Al-4V合金β→α相变中晶界α相形成机制的相场模拟 [J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56: 1113 | |
| 25 | Kim S G, Kim W T, Suzuki T. Phase-field model for binary alloys [J]. Phys. Rev., 1999, 60E: 7186 |
| 26 | Zhang J H. The influences of stresses and defects on the variant selection and texture during phase transformation in Ti-6Al-4V alloy [D]. Shenyang: Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016 |
| 张金虎. 应力及缺陷对Ti-6Al-4V合金相变过程中变体选择及织构的影响 [D]. 沈阳: 中国科学院金属研究所, 2016 | |
| 27 | Zhu J Z, Liu Z K, Vaithyanathan V, et al. Linking phase-field model to CALPHAD: Application to precipitate shape evolution in Ni-base alloys [J]. Scr. Mater., 2002, 46: 401 |
| 28 | Andersson J O, Agren J. Models for numerical treatment of multicomponent diffusion in simple phases [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 1992, 72: 1350 |
| 29 | Chen Q, Ma N, Wu K S, et al. Quantitative phase field modeling of diffusion-controlled precipitate growth and dissolution in Ti-Al-V [J]. Scr. Mater., 2004, 50: 471 |
| 30 | Zhang J H, Qi M, Xu H S, et al. A phase-field model for simulating the growth of α sideplates with branching in titanium alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2022, 123: 154 |
| 31 | Ma N, Yang F, Shen C, et al. Modeling formation of α sideplates in alpha/beta Ti-alloys—Effect of interfacial energy anisotropy and coherency elastic strain energy [A]. Ti-2007 Science and Technology [C]. Sendai: The Japan Institute of Metals, 2007: 287 |
| 32 | Sun Z C, Guo S S, Yang H. Nucleation and growth mechanism of α-lamellae of Ti alloy TA15 cooling from an α + β phase field [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 2057 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |