原位自生2%TiB2 颗粒对2024Al增材制造合金组织和力学性能的影响
收稿日期: 2022-08-25
修回日期: 2022-10-17
网络出版日期: 2022-10-31
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(52075327);国家自然科学基金项目(52004160);上海市青年科技英才杨帆计划项目(20YF1419200);上海市自然科学基金项目(20ZR1427500);淮北市重大科技项目(Z2020001);上海同步辐射光源BL13W1线站项目(2020-SSRF-PT-012107)
Effect ofIn Situ 2%TiB2 Particles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2024Al Additive Manufacturing Alloy
Received date: 2022-08-25
Revised date: 2022-10-17
Online published: 2022-10-31
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075327);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52004160);Shanghai Sailing Program(20YF1419200);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(20ZR1427500);Major Science and Technology Project of Huaibei(Z2020001);Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) Beamline BL13W1(2020-SSRF-PT-012107)
采用激光粉末床熔化(laser powder bed fusion，L-PBF)工艺制备含2% (质量分数)原位自生TiB2颗粒的2024Al-2%TiB2合金和难打印2024Al合金，研究了TiB2颗粒对经固溶(510℃处理1 h后水冷)和T6 (固溶处理后人工时效)热处理后增材制造2024Al合金组织和室温拉伸性能的影响。由于L-PBF冷却速率较快以及TiB2颗粒的添加，2024Al-2%TiB2合金微观组织以等轴晶为主，平均晶粒尺寸约为5.8 μm。T6热处理之后，2024Al合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为(261.3 ± 4.3) MPa、(252.6 ± 2.5) MPa和(0.3 ± 0.1)%；2024Al-2%TiB2合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别达到(458.2 ± 6.5) MPa、(398.4 ± 2.7) MPa和(3.4 ± 0.4)%；2种合金中析出大量均匀分布、尺寸细小的长条状析出相。T6态2024Al-2%TiB2增材制造合金的抗拉强度与2024Al增材制造合金相比提高75.5%，其强度与2024Al锻造合金强度相当。合金的主要强化机制是位错强化、晶界强化、析出相强化和TiB2颗粒带来的Orowan强化以及载荷传递强化，2种合金热处理后的拉伸断裂失效主要由缺陷控制。原位自生2024Al-2%TiB2增材制造合金成形性较好，经热处理后获得较高的综合室温拉伸性能。
关键词： 激光粉末床熔化; 2024Al合金; 原位自生TiB2颗粒; 热处理; 拉伸性能
孙腾腾 , 王洪泽 , 吴一 , 汪明亮 , 王浩伟 . 原位自生2%TiB2 颗粒对2024Al增材制造合金组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023 , 59(1) : 169 -179 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00410
Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is an innovative additive manufacturing method with great potential for fabricating complex geometrical components with integrated functionalities. In the aerospace industry, the Al-Cu-Mg (2024Al) alloy is widely used because of its excellent mechanical properties and low density; however, its disadvantages include low printability and high crack susceptibility. This work investigates the effects of in situ TiB2 particles on the microstructure and tensile properties of the solution-treated (510oC treat 1 h and then cooling by water) and T6-treated (i.e., solution and aging treatments) L-PBF fabricated 2024Al alloy at room temperature. Equiaxed grains with an average size of approximately 5.8 μm dominate in the printed 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy because of the high cooling rate during the L-PBF process and the heterogeneous nucleation effect of the TiB2 particles. After the T6 heat treatment, many uniformly distributed, fine, and long precipitation strips formed in both the 2024Al and 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloys. The 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy has ultimate tensile and yield strengths of (458.2 ± 6.5) and (398.4 ± 2.7) MPa, respectively; further, it has a maximum elongation of (3.4 ± 0.4)%. These parameters indicate a substantial improvement in the strength and elongation of the 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy compared to those of the 2024Al alloy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the T6-treated 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy are comparable to those of the wrought T6-treated 2024Al-T6 alloy. The main strengthening mechanisms of the 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy include solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, precipitation strengthening, Orowan strengthening, and load-bearing strengthening induced by TiB2 particles. In conclusion, 2024Al-2%TiB2 alloy manufactured using the L-PBF method provides excellent printability and room-temperature tensile properties.
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