增材制造镁合金技术现状与研究进展
收稿日期: 2020-02-17
修回日期: 2022-03-29
网络出版日期: 2022-06-09
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3701102);国家自然科学基金项目(52073176);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(22-ZR1443000)
Research Progress of Additively Manufactured Magnesium Alloys: A Review
Received date: 2020-02-17
Revised date: 2022-03-29
Online published: 2022-06-09
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3701102);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52073176);Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22-ZR1443000)
镁合金具有轻质、比强度高、阻尼减振、生物相容性好、体内可降解等优点，在航空航天、汽车轻量化、生物医疗等领域应用潜力巨大。然而传统的镁合金铸造成形和变形加工技术在制备一体化复杂结构件上具有一定的局限性，制约了镁合金在上述领域的应用普及。增材制造是一种根据三维模型数据逐层熔化沉积的先进技术，有望成为镁合金复杂构件制备的重要技术途径。本文概述了近年来增材制造镁合金的研究进展，重点对选区激光熔化(SLM)和电弧增材制造(WAAM) 2种主要增材制造的工艺研发现状和影响因素、微观组织、力学性能及耐蚀行为进行分析与总结。研究表明，工艺优化后SLM和WAAM等技术均可获得致密度> 99%的镁合金试件，并且能够获得与传统制造镁合金相当的力学性能和耐蚀性能，增材制造镁合金表现出极大的工程应用潜力。最后，从材料优化、工艺改进及性能评价等方面对增材制造在镁合金中的未来发展趋势与研究方向进行了总结与展望。
唐伟能 , 莫宁 , 侯娟 . 增材制造镁合金技术现状与研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2023 , 59(2) : 205 -225 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00063
Mg alloys are attractive in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering, owing to the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, excellent damping property, good biocompatibility, and in vivo degradable property. However, conventional methods for manufacturing Mg alloys, such as casting and deformation processing, yield low-quality large-scale monolithic and complex structures, which hinder the applications of Mg parts. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a burgeoning alternative to manufacture monolithic parts through layer-by-layer deposition of metallic materials using 3D model data. In this paper, the latest research progress in AM of Mg alloys, which focuses on technological processes and influencing factors, macro and microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion properties of parts manufactured primarily by selective laser melting (SLM) and wire and arc AM (WAAM), are comprehensively reviewed. Currently, additively manufactured Mg parts with a relative density > 99% have been achievable through both SLM and WAAM after process optimization, and their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance have been comparable to those of casting and wrought parts, indicating a great potential for engineering applications. Finally, the future development trend and research direction of AM of Mg alloys are proposed from the perspectives of materials design, process improvement, and performance evaluation.
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