高强韧钛合金组成相成分和形态的精细调控
收稿日期: 2021-08-23
修回日期: 2021-09-02
网络出版日期: 2021-09-24
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0304200);国家自然科学基金项目(51871225)
Toughening High Strength Titanium Alloys Through Fine Tuning Phase Composition and Refining Microstructure
Received date: 2021-08-23
Revised date: 2021-09-02
Online published: 2021-09-24
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0304200);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871225)
结构钛合金已成为航空、航天、船舶等重大工程领域的关键材料，其强韧化，特别是增韧，是材料研究的核心。应用状态下大部分结构钛合金由α + β两相组成，精细调控两相的成分、比例及形态是深度优化合金强韧性的基础。本文综述了结构钛合金主要的强韧性优化手段，重点介绍了本团队在结构钛合金成分设计、塑性变形方式及显微结构调控方面开展的相关研究工作。研究表明，通过两相的成分优化设计，可提高hcp结构α相及α/β两相界面的协调变形，并抑制脆性ω和Ti3Al相的过量析出；两相微区成分调控同样可诱发α相形变孪晶及β相形变诱发相变，导致孪晶增塑增韧效应。此外，大量研究也表明，制备多尺度显微结构是实现钛合金增塑增韧的重要调控手段。在钛合金微区相成分和形态精确调控的基础上，提出了基于微区调控的高强高韧钛合金设计及工程化制备的研究方法。最后对不同应用领域的高强韧结构钛合金的技术发展进行了总结及展望。
杨锐 , 马英杰 , 雷家峰 , 胡青苗 , 黄森森 . 高强韧钛合金组成相成分和形态的精细调控[J]. 金属学报, 2021 , 57(11) : 1455 -1470 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00353
Titanium alloys are key materials for applications in major engineering areas, such as aerospace and marine equipment. Studies on structural titanium alloys focus on strengthening and toughening the alloys, especially the latter. The mainstream structural titanium alloys comprise both α and β phases. The optimization of the strength and toughness balance relies on the control of the compositions, volume fractions, and morphologies of both phases. In this study, some recent advances along the above line are reviewed, focusing on studies on the composition design, plastic-deformation mechanism, and microstructure tuning. Rational design of the compositions of both phases improved the deformation coordination within the α phase and across the α/β interface, suppressed the precipitation of brittle ω and α2 phases, and resulted in improved plasticity and toughness through the α-deformation twin and β-deformation-triggered phase transformation. The multiscale microstructure enhanced the strength and toughness of the titanium alloy. Using the abovementioned approaches, a series of titanium alloys with an improved strength-toughness combination were developed and fabricated. Finally, an attempt was made to predict the prospect of technology development in the field of high-strength and high-toughness titanium alloys for various applications.
Key words： titanium alloy; strength and toughness; phase composition; microstructure
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