以AZ31与AZ91镁合金为母材,AZ61与AZ92镁合金为填充焊丝,利用冷金属过渡焊接(CMT)方法进行横向拘束环行焊缝裂纹实验,探究AZ系列镁合金部分熔化区的液化现象,并结合液化裂纹产生机理提出一种定性判断镁合金液化裂纹敏感性的方法。结果表明,焊接过程中,AZ91镁合金焊缝边缘发生了γ (Mg₁₇Al₁₂)相与富Mg α相的共晶反应,产生了液相,形成了部分熔化区;在AZ31镁合金中不存在γ (Mg₁₇Al₁₂)相,液化现象不明显,部分熔化区较小。同时,提出了基于二元合金相图的镁合金液化裂纹敏感性判断方法,以判断镁合金母材和焊丝成分对焊缝部分熔化区液化裂纹敏感性的影响规律,即,母材为AZ91时的液化裂纹敏感性比母材为AZ31时更高,焊丝为AZ92时的液化裂纹敏感性较焊丝为AZ61时更低。

Magnesium alloys has a wide application prospect due to their good properties, such as high specific strength and specific stiffness, but the susceptibility of liquation cracking is also pretty high. The liquation in partially melted zone of AZ-series magnesium alloys were investigated with circular-patch welding test. The AZ91, AZ31 base alloys were welded with AZ61 and AZ92 filler wires by using the cold metal transter metal inert-gas (CMT-MIG) welding. The results show that, the liquation occurred along the weld edge of AZ91 with the eutectic reaction occurring between γ (Mg₁₇Al₁₂) phase and Mg-rich phase. The liquation susceptibility of AZ31 was pretty low as γ (Mg₁₇Al₁₂) was not present in base metal of AZ31. Meanwhile, a new method for predicting liquation cracking based on binary phase diagram was proposed. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is higher and the solidification temperature range of weld is shorter than those of base metal, the liquation crack susceptibility of weld is mostly higher. When the initial solidification temperature of weld is close to or below that of base metal, and the solidification temperature range of weld is close to or longer than that of base metal, the liquation cracking susceptibility of weld is lower. This method worked well on predicting the effect of composition of base metal and filler wires on liquation cracking, and the predicting results are consistent with the experimental results. That is, the liquation cracking susceptibility is higher with AZ91 base metal used than that with AZ31 base metal. And, the liquation cracking susceptibility is lower with AZ92 filler wire than that with AZ61 filler wire.