在800~1600 r/min工具转速和100 mm/min固定行进速度的较宽热输入范围内,对6 mm厚的热挤压态Mg-Zn-Y-Zr耐热镁合金板进行搅拌摩擦加工(FSP),获得了由均匀、细小的等轴再结晶晶粒和细小、弥散的Mg-Zn-Y三元W相构成的FSP样品。随着工具转速的增加,FSP样品中W相被显著细化且分布更加弥散,高角晶界(晶界错配角≥15°)比例明显增加,再结晶晶粒被细化。工具转速的增加使超塑性变形的最佳应变速率和延伸率均显著增加,1600 r/min工具转速的FSP样品在1×10^-2 s^-1的高应变速率和450 ℃的变形温度下,获得了1200%的最大延伸率。通过对超塑性变形数据进行分析和超塑性样品表面形貌观察可以得出,不同转速下所获得的FSP样品超塑性变形控制机制均以晶界滑移为主。随着工具转速的增加,超塑性动力学被明显加速,在1600 r/min工具转速的FSP样品的超塑性动力学与晶界滑移控制的细晶镁合金超塑性本构方程吻合。

Compared to conventional Mg-Al and Mg-Zn system magnesium alloys, the Mg-Zn-Y-Zr heat-resistant alloy exhibits high thermal stability due to the addition of Y earth element, which is an ideal candidate for producing high strain rate superplasticity (HSRS, strain rate≥1×10^-2 s^-1). Recently, the HSRS of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy was achieved by friction stir processing (FSP), because the FSP resulted in the generation of fine and equiaxed recrystallized grains and fine and homogeneous second phase particles. However, the study on superplastic deformation mechanism of FSP Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy at various parameters is limited relatively. Therefore, at the present work, six millimeters thick as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Zr plates were subjected to FSP at relatively wide heat input range of rotation rates of 800 r/min to 1600 r/min with a constant traverse speed of 100 mm/min, obtaining FSP samples consisting of homogeneous, fine and equiaxed dynamically recrystallized grains and fine and uniform Mg-Zn-Y ternary phase (W-phase) particles. With increasing rotation rate, within the FSP samples the W-phase particles were broken up and dispersed significantly and the recrystallized grains were refined slightly, while the fraction ratio of the high angle grain boundaries (grain boundaries misorientation angle≥15°) was increased obviously. Increasing rotation rate resulted in an increase in both optimum strain rate and superplastic elongation. For the FSP sample obtained at 1600 r/min, a maximum elongation of 1200% was achieved at a high-strain rate of 1×10^-2 s^-1 and 450 ℃. Grain boundary sliding was identified to be the primary deformation mechanism in the FSP samples at various rotation rates by superplastic data analyses and surfacial morphology observations. Furthermore, the increase in rotation rate accelerated superplastic deformation kinetics remarkably. For the FSP sample at 1600 r/min, superplastic deformation kinetics is in good agreement with the prediction by the superplastic constitutive equation for fine-grained magnesium alloys governed by grain boundary sliding mechanism.