建立了时效析出动力学模型、强化模型以及应变硬化模型,针对Al-7Si-Mg合金开展拉伸性能模拟研究。时效析出动力学模型可以模拟析出相密度、尺寸、分布、体积分数、基体中元素含量等微观组织参数,并结合强化模型获得合金的屈服强度。通过应变硬化模型可模拟合金在拉伸过程的应力-应变曲线,并结合关系式(σ_UTS-σ_Y)=mσ_Y+n+f (T_ss)获得合金的抗拉强度和延伸率。本工作首先模拟了Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金的析出相特征参数及屈服强度并进行实验验证,分析了模拟结果与实验结果之间存在偏差的可能原因。采用应变硬化模型模拟了Al-7Si-0.36Mg合金在拉伸过程的应力-应变曲线,分析时效处理和铸态组织细化程度对位错存储速率、动态回复速率及合金的应力-应变曲线的影响规律。采用本模型预测了Al-7Si-0.4Mg合金在不同时效温度下的抗拉强度和延伸率,并与实验结果进行对比,分析了二次枝晶臂间距对拉伸性能的影响。最后,对模型存在的局限性及影响拉伸性能预测精度的因素进行了分析。

Al-7Si-Mg alloy castings have extensive applications in automotive industries, and the tensile properties of these alloys including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and elongation are commonly used to judge their mechanical properties. In this work, the modified precipitation kinetics model, yield strength model and strain hardening model have been proposed to predict the tensile properties of Al-7Si-Mg alloys. The precipitation kinetics model can be used to predict the precipitate microstructure parameters including the precipitate density, size, size distribution, volume fraction, and composition and so on in these alloys, combining which with the strength model, their yield strengths can be obtained. The strain hardening model can be applied to simulate the stress-strain curves during tensile process, and the ultimate tensile strengths and elongations can be obtained by combining this model with the experimental data fitted with the expression (σ_UTS-σ_Y)=mσ_Y+n+f (T_ss). First, the evolution of precipitate microstructure parameters and yield strengths as a function of ageing time were simulated, and then their comparisons with the experimental results were performed. The possible reasons resulting in the deviations between simulated and experimental yield strengths were analyzed. The stress-strain curves during tensile process of Al-7Si-0.36Mg alloy were simulated using strain hardening model, and the influences of ageing treatment and as-cast microstructure refining scale on the parameters of dislocation storage rate, dynamic recovery rate and the stress-strain curves were analyzed. Then, the ultimate tensile strengths and elongations of Al-7Si-0.4Mg alloy aged at different temperatures were predicted which are in better agreement with the experimental results, and the influence of secondary dendrite arm spacing on tensile properties was also analyzed. Finally, the limitation of present model and the factors influencing the prediction precision of tensile properties were outlined.