采用真空扩散焊接方法对Q235A低碳钢与AISI304奥氏体不锈钢进行固相扩散连接实验,研究了焊接温度对接头界面组织、力学性能和反应产物的影响。结果表明：Q235A低碳钢/AISI304奥氏体不锈钢复合界面附近形成了合金铁素体层(II区)和增C层(III区),界面两侧异相组织通过扩散结成共用晶界。在焊接温度850 ℃,焊接压力10 MPa,焊接时间60 min条件下,接头强度和韧性达到最大值,高于Q235A低碳钢母材。焊接温度过低(≤800 ℃),接头中析出碳化物Cr₂₃C₆,焊接温度过高(≥900 ℃),接头中会产生二次碳化物和金属间化合物,脆性的化合物偏析相使接头强韧性显著下降。严格控制焊接温度在850 ℃区间,并在焊后迅速淬火越过低温区,可有效避免脆性化合物偏析,从而保证扩散焊接头的性能。

The Q235A mild steel and AISI304 austenite stainless steel were subjected to solid diffusion welding by vacuum diffusion bonding approach to investigate the influence of welding temperature on the interfacial morphology, microstructural constituents and mechanical properties. The results show that the single ferrite layer (zone II) and carbon-enriched layer (zone III) were formed nearby the bonding interface of Q235A mild steel and AISI304 austenite stainless steel, and heterogeneous microstructure on both sides of interface formed a common grain boundary by diffusion. The strength and toughness of the bonded joint reached the highest values, for welding temperature of approximately 850 ℃, welding pressure of beyond 10 MPa, and welding time of approximately 60 min, which was larger than those of the Q235A mild steel layer. Otherwise, the Cr₂₃C₆ carbide easily formed at a relatively lower temperature (≤800 ℃), whereas the secondary carbides and intermetallic compounds formed at a relatively higher temperature (≥900 ℃). Both cases would dramatically deteriorate the strength-toughness of the bonded joint. Therefore, it was proposed that the brittle precipitate phases can be effectively avoided by controlling the welding temperature to approximately 850 ℃, thus ensuring the resulting performance of the bonded joint.