TiAl基合金非平衡凝固过程中的相选择及凝固特征

胡锐; 柳翊; 张铁邦; 寇宏超; 李金山

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1037.2013.00441

金属学报 >

2013 , Vol. 49 >Issue 11: 1295 - 1302

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1037.2013.00441

论文

TiAl基合金非平衡凝固过程中的相选择及凝固特征

胡锐 ,
柳翊 ,
张铁邦 ,
寇宏超 ,
李金山

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西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室, 西安710072

胡锐, 男, 1968年生, 教授

收稿日期: 2013-07-25

修回日期: 2013-09-04

网络出版日期: 2013-11-11

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目2011CB605503

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PHASE SELECTION AND THE SOLIDIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS IN THE NONEQUILIBRIUM SOLIDIFICATION

HU Rui ,
LIU Yi ,
ZHANG Tiebang ,
KOU Hongchao ,
LI Jinshan

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State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, NorthwesternPolytechnical University, Xi'an 710072

Received date: 2013-07-25

Revised date: 2013-09-04

Online published: 2013-11-11

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摘要

通过研究TiAl合金中不同Al含量和不同β相稳定元素含量的变化,分析了Al含量和β相稳定元素对TiAl合金初生相选择与凝固特征的影响.结果表明, 单一β相凝固的TiAl基合金含Al量低, 结晶温度范围窄, 凝固组织均匀细化.采用背散射法(BSE)观察并分析了不同过冷度下铸造TiAl基合金非平衡凝固的枝晶形貌,运用经典竞争形核理论研究了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb (原子分数, %)包晶合金非平衡凝固中β相与α相的形核与过冷度的关系,并计算了Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金深过冷凝固中的β相(bcc)和α相(hcp)的临界形核功及稳态形核率,结果表明, 在约15 K/s的冷速下, Ti48Al2Cr2Nb合金在所能达到的过冷度(≤370 K)范围内凝固时,β相始终为领先相优先形核. 以过包晶凝固的TiAl基合金, 其Al含量高,结晶温度范围窄, 凝固枝晶细小, 趋向逐层凝固, 可减少并消除糊状凝固所造成的疏松和热裂趋势.β相稳定元素对凝固路径的影响取决于其Al当量,并可使TiAl合金的凝固路径从过包晶凝固转变为亚包晶凝固;过多的Al含量将导致铸造TiAl合金凝固组织中存在过多γ相,从而影响合金的强度和塑性.

关键词： TiAl基合金; 非平衡凝固; 相选择; 过冷; 初生相

本文引用格式

胡锐 , 柳翊 , 张铁邦 , 寇宏超 , 李金山 . TiAl基合金非平衡凝固过程中的相选择及凝固特征[J]. 金属学报, 2013 , 49(11) : 1295 -1302 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2013.00441

Abstract

The Al content and the β stabilizers in TiAl base alloys were investigated,which have an important effect on the solidification characteristics and phase selection.TiAl base alloys with single β-solidifying have the characteristics of low Al content and narrow crystallization temperature range. It is attributed to forming a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure. Dendrite morphology in TiAl base alloys is investigated by SEM-BSE in the nonequilibrium solidification conditions. The relationships between undercooling and nucleation of two phases are investigated systematically by using the classical nucleation theory in the undercooled Ti48Al2Cr2Nb (atomic fraction, %) peritectic alloy. By calculating the interfacial critical nucleation work and steady state nucleation rates of β phase (bcc) and α phase (hcp), it is obtained that β phase is always prior to nucleate from the Ti48Al2Cr2Nb undercooled melts at the cooling rate about 15 K/s in the achieved undercooling range. Due to narrow crystallization temperature range, microstructures of TiAl base alloys with high Al content as the hyper-peritectic solidification path take on the gradual solidification style and finer dendrite morphology. It is conducive to reducing and eliminating shrinkage porosity and hot cracking caused by mushy solidification. The β stabilizers have an important effect on solidification path depending on its Al equivalent and will change the solidification path of TiAl alloy from hyper--peritectic solidification to hypo-peritectic solidification. The overmuch Al content in TiAl base alloys leads to the formation of large number of massive γ phase impacting on strength and ductility of alloys.

Key words： TiAl base alloy; nonequilibrium solidification; phase selection; undercooling, primary phase

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