本文提出了一种新的铸件变形三维动态测量方法---固定方位角测量法, 解决了热处理过程高温无标志点情况下大型铸钢件变形的三维动态测量问题, 并建立了相应的数据分析方法. 采用该方法对某工厂正火过程强制风冷阶段大型水轮机叶片铸件的翘曲变形行为进行了三维动态测量, 获得了整个叶片的翘曲变形过程, 并对叶片翘曲变形的测量误差进行了分析. 测量结果表明, 固定方位角法能有效用于高温和无标志点情况下大型弱刚度铸件翘曲行为的三维动态测量, 为研究热处理过程的铸件变形提供了新的方法.
At the forced air cooling stage in normalizing process of heavy steel castings, the nonuniform cooling might result in thermal and phase transformation stresses, which might cause the distortion, especially for the heavy yet thin blade castings. Dynamical measurement of the distortion of castings during heat treatment process will be significant for understanding the mechanism of distortion and then taking the control measures in productions. In this paper, a novel measuring method, fixed direction method, was proposed, which could three-dimensionally and dynamically measure the distortion of castings without index points at high temperature, and the corresponding analysis method was established. The method was employed to measure the distortion of a hydro blade casting at the forced cooling stage in normalizing process, and the dynamical distortion behavior in three dimensions of the blade casting was obtained. And the measurement error of blade casting was analyzed. The results show that under the conditions of no index points and high temperature, the three-dimensional distortion of castings could be dynamically measured through the fixed direction method.
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