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金属学报    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00001
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基于注意力门控双头U-Net的板坯结晶器流场快速预测

孙乙力1,2雷 洪1,2李泽奇1,2姜媛馨1,2张 晗1,2赵 岩2

1 东北大学 材料电磁过程研究教育部重点实验室  沈阳 110819 

2 东北大学 冶金学院  沈阳 110819

Fast Prediction of Flow Fields in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold by an Attention-Gated Dual-Head U-Net
SUN Yili 1,2, LEI Hong 1,2, LI Zeqi 1,2, JIANG Yuanxin 1,2, ZHANG Han 1,2, ZHAO Yan 2
1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China    2 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
引用本文:

孙乙力, 雷洪, 李泽奇, 姜媛馨, 张晗, 赵岩. 基于注意力门控双头U-Net的板坯结晶器流场快速预测[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00001.

全文: PDF(5348 KB)  
摘要: 
结晶器内钢液流场直接影响连铸坯质量,快速准确预测流场是连铸过程优化与在线控制的重要基础。针对板坯结晶器钢液流场计算流体力学(CFD)计算耗时较长、难以满足快速评估需求的问题,本工作提出了一种基于注意力门控双头U-Net的二维小样本流场快速预测模型。首先,利用OpenFOAM计算三维稳态流场,并通过插值得到二维流场样本;其次,基于湍动能与脉动速度之间的关系,构建基于湍动能统计特性的数据扩展方法,实现流场样本的大幅扩展;接着,提出融合符号距离函数(SDF)与入口速度掩膜的多通道输入方法,并构建注意力门控双头U-Net模型,实现对水口射流、上下回流区等关键流动区域的自适应关注。结果表明,训练完成后,该模型对单帧流场的推理时间不足1 s;在固定水口倾角、拉坯速率变化工况下,速度平均绝对误差(MAE)可控制在10-3 m/s量级;在水口倾角与拉坯速率同时变化的联合测试条件下,速度MAE仍保持在10-2 m/s量级。研究表明,基于湍动能统计特性的数据扩展方法结合注意力门控双头U-Net模型,能够实现结晶器钢液流场的快速重构,为后续连铸多物理场数字孪生建模提供一种可行方案。
关键词 湍流注意力门控双头U-Net数据扩展小样本数字孪生    
Abstract

The flow field of molten steel in the mold play an important role in the slab quality, and rapid and accurate prediction of flow-field is an important foundation of process optimization and on-line control for continuous casting. Because high computational cost of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for flow field in a slab continuous-casting mold cannot satisfy the demand of the rapid evaluation, an attention-gated dual-head U-Net model is proposed on the base of small-sample on a two-dimensional flow-field. First, three-dimensional steady-state flow field is obtained by OpenFOAM, and the related two-dimensional flow-field is obtained by interpolation. Next, a data extension method based on the statistical characteristics of turbulent kinetic energy is developed to expand the flow-field dataset according to the relationship between turbulent kinetic energy and fluctuating velocity. Furthermore, an attention-gated dual-head U-Net model with a multi-channel input integrating the signed distance function (SDF) and inlet velocity masks is proposed to adaptively focus on key flow regions, which include the jet from the nozzle and the upper and lower recirculation zones. The results show that, after training, the inference time for a flow-field is less than 1 s. Under the conditions of a fixed nozzle angle and various casting rates, the velocity mean absolute error (MAE) is on the order of 10-3 m/s. Under the unseen nozzle-angle and casting-rate conditions, the velocity MAE remains on the order of 10-2 m/s. These results demonstrate that the data extension method based on turbulent-kinetic-energy statistics combined with the attention-gated dual-head U-Net model can enable rapid reconstruction of molten-steel flow fields in the mold, and provide a feasible approach for subsequent multi-physics digital-twin modeling of continuous casting.

Key wordsTurbulence    Attention-gated dual-head U-Net    Data extension    Small-sample    Digital twin
收稿日期: 2026-01-04     
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52574374); 中央高校基本科研业务费(N25BSS085)
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