| Transparency requirement for donor substrate | Laser→passes through transparent donor substrate→acts on donor material→material is transferred forward to the receiver substrate | Laser→directly irradiates the surface of donor material→material is transferred backward to the receiver substrate |
| Requirement for donor substrate | Must be transparent (e.g., glass, quartz) and compatible with laser penetration characteristics | No mandatory requirement; no reliance on transparent donor substrate |
| Requirement for receiver substrate | No mandatory requirement; selectable based on application scenarios | No mandatory requirement; selectable based on application scenarios |
Device complexity | Relatively high; requires supporting transparent donor substrate and precise optical path calibration system | Relatively low; eliminates the need for transparent donor substrate and related optical path adaptation components, featuring a simpler structure and reduced difficulty in optical path calibration |
Core advantage | Compatible with various donor material systems, offering broad compatibility | Simplified device structure, lower cost, compatible with opaque donor materials, and avoids material limitations and losses caused by transparent substrates |