超高强度钢析出相调控与强化机理研究现状及发展趋势

张朝磊, 潘晓坤, 高军恒, 吴宏辉, 毛新平

Research Status and Development Trend of Precipitation Phase Regulation and Strengthening Mechanism in Ultra-High Strength Steel

ZHANG Chaolei, PAN Xiaokun, GAO Junheng, WU Honghui, MAO Xinping

表3 传统超高强度钢的合金成分、显微组织、关键工艺、性能特征及缺点^[1,35~37]

Table 3 Chemical compositions, microstructures, key processes, performance characteristics, and drawbacks of traditional ultra-high strength steels^[1,35-37]

Steel type	Chemical composition	Microstructure	Key process	Performance characteristic	Drawback	Ref.
Low-alloy ultra-high strength steel	C 0.25%-0.60%, Cr 5%, Si 5%, Ni 5%	Tempered martensite + fine dispersed carbides	Quenching + low temperature tempering, or isothermal quenching	Low cost and simple production process	Insufficient toughness, poor corrosion resistance and weldability	[35]
Secondary hardening ultra-high strength steel	C 0.10%-0.40%, Cr 5%-25%, Ni 5%-25%, Co 5%-25%	Tempered martensite (+ retained austenite) + carbides	Quenching + tempering	Excellent fatigue resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance	High cost, prone to segregation	[36]
Maraging steel	C 0.1%, Ni 20%, Co 20%, Mo 20%	Low-carbon Fe-Ni martensitic matrix + intermetallic compounds (such as Ni₃Ti and Ni₃Mo)	Solution treatment + aging	Good cold formability, simple heat treatment, and excellent weldability	Sensitive to compositional fluctuations, high cost	[37]
PH ultra-high strength stainless steel	C 0.25%, Cr 12%, Ni 12%	Tempered martensite + intermetallic compounds (such as NiAl, Ni₃Ti, and Laves phase)	Solution treatment + aging	Good weldability, easy machinability, and excellent corrosion resistance	High Cr and Ni contents, high cost	[1]