| Material | Shape | Disinfection/Sterilization | Animal | Implant site | Implant period | Performance | Ref. |
|---|
Zn, Zn-0.4Li | Rod, Φ1.6 mm × 15 mm | - | SD rats | Femoral | 2 months | Neither pure Zn nor Zn-0.4Li implanted sites showed osteolysis, deformation, dislocation, or air shadows. Compared to immediate postoperation, the adjacent cortical bone showed higher radiographic densities at 8 weeks postoperation, indicating peripheral osteogenesis. Compared with pure Zn, more collagen and new bone tissue were observed around the Zn-0.4Li implants | [87] | Zn-0.8Mn, Zn-0.8Sr | Porous scaffold | - | Rats | Femoral condyle | 4, 8, and 12 weeks | New bone formation was observed at 4 weeks after Zn-0.8Mn implantation, and a large amount of new bone tissue was observed around the scaffold at 8 and 12 weeks postoperation. The trabecular bone was thicker than that of pure Ti group. Zn-0.8Mn scaffold showed good osteogenic performance and biocompatibility in vivo. Zn ions were not accumulated in the organs. Zn-0.8Sr scaffold also has good bone defect repair performance and growth tendency without inflammatory reaction | [88, 89] | Zn-0.5Mn | Φ1.5 mm × 5 mm | UV disinfection | SD rats | Tibia | 4 months | After 4 months implantation, healthy bone and blood vessels were observed, bone marrow hyperplasia was showed by pathological sections, liver and kidney functions were not affected | [90] | Zn-0.4Fe, Zn-0.4Cu, Zn-2.0Ag, Zn-0.8Mg, Zn-0.8Ca, Zn-0.1Sr, Zn-0.4Li, Zn-0.1Mn | Rod, Φ1.6 mm × 15 mm | - | SD rats | Femoral | 2 months | The cortical bone surrounding the implant thickened and radiographic dense increased, indicating circumferential osteogenesis. All implants were biocompatible with no evidence of osteolysis, deformity or dislocation. At 2 months implantation, new bone was formed and contacted the implants directly | [91] | Zn, Zn-2Fe | Φ7 mm × 2 mm | - | Wistar rats | Subcutaneous tissue of back | 4, 8, 12, 18, 24 weeks | No tissue inflammation or necrosis was observed | [93] | Zn-0.8Li-0.1Mn | Gastroin-testinal staple | Disinfection | Mini fragrant pigs | Gastrointestinal anastomosis | 3 d, 8 weeks, 12 weeks | In the early stage after surgery, there were a small amount of inflammatory cells (mainly neutrophils and lymphocytes) and macrophages around the Zn-Li-Mn and Ti alloy nails. Inflammation cells around the Zn-Li-Mn alloy nails were slightly less than the Ti alloy group. At 12 weeks postoperation, new gastrointestinal tissues were found around the nails in both groups, the tissues healed well, and the number of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced | [92] |
|