图10. 石墨烯/金属界面抗辐照响应行为研究^[82~84]
(a) TEM image of as-deposited W nanofilm irradiated by 50 keV He⁺ ions to a total influence of 1×10¹⁷ ions/cm^{2 [82]}
(b) TEM image of peak He concentration region under 50 keV He⁺ irradiation in W₁₅/Gr to a total influence of 5×10¹⁶ ions/cm^2[82]
(c) schematic of the experimental setup for characterizing the thermal resistance^[82] (d, e) SEM images of nanopillars after compression testing for He⁺ irradiated pure V (d) and V-graphene with 110 nm repeat layer spacing indicating that the crack propagation was suppressed by the graphene interface (e)^[83] (f) schematic of simulation^[83] (g) damage on graphene after the knock-on event^[83] (h) the collision cascade after the knock-on event for d=1.5 nm. The amount of cascade is significantly reduced by the graphene layer. Significantly more defects remain in the pure V. Atoms with high potential energy (above -4.4 eV) are visualized selectively^[83] (i) the formation energies of vacancies are significantly lower at the graphene interface than that in the bulk lattice of V^[83] (j) number of surviving defects in the bulk region, generated by a 3 keV primary knock-on atom (PKA) away from the interface about 1.54 nm, as a function of temperature^[84] (k) effects of the displacement cascades generated by a 100 keV PKA on the different layers of graphene of Gr/Cu nanolayered composites, viewed in the z-direction^[84]

Fig.10. Irradiation responses of the graphene (Gr)/metal interfaces