钢的高性能化理论与技术进展
董瀚,廉心桐,胡春东,陆恒昌,彭伟,赵洪山,徐德祥

High Performance Steels: the Scenario of Theoryand Technology
Han DONG,Xintong LIAN,Chundong HU,Hengchang LU,Wei PENG,Hongshan ZHAO,Dexiang XU
表7 航发轴承钢的技术创新[89]
Table 7 Technical innovation of aeroengine bearing steel[89]
TimeTechnical innovation

1940s

1) heat treatment instrumentation: improve temperature controls and recorders

2) neutral atmosphere furnace: eliminate surface decarburization

3) large electric furnace melting: produce larger size billets+billets forging to refine the steel grain and carbide size and reduce the size of material's inclusions and segregates

1950s

1) immersion thermocouples: permit better control of steel melting

2) shoe grinding: improve race surface quality and tolerance

3) vacuum degassing and vacuum melting: alter the type of inclusions and trace element

1960s

1) ultrasonic and eddy current inspection: ensure product quality

2) elastohydrodynamic principles: improve lubrication

3) argon atmosphere: improve cleanliness and macro and micro structure unity

4) controlled fiber and hardiness: improve bearing life

1970svaccum-induction melted+vacuum-arc remelted (VIM+VAR)

1990s

1) powder metallurgy: Pyrowear 675 steel; plasma nitriding: nitrides M50 &M50NiL steel2) pressure electroslag remelting: Cronidur30 steel