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Acta Metall Sin  2021, Vol. 57 Issue (4): 453-472    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00428
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Research Progress in Shear Banding Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms of Metallic Glasses
QU Ruitao1,2(), WANG Xiaodi1, WU Shaojie1, ZHANG Zhefeng1()
1.Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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QU Ruitao, WANG Xiaodi, WU Shaojie, ZHANG Zhefeng. Research Progress in Shear Banding Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms of Metallic Glasses. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(4): 453-472.

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Abstract  

Plastic deformation of metallic glasses (MGs) at room temperature usually localizes into shear bands. The shear banding behavior dominates the deformation and fracture mechanisms of MGs and affects their mechanical properties (e.g., strength, plasticity, fracture toughness, fatigue properties, etc.). The shear banding behavior is of vital importance for understanding and improving mechanical properties of MGs; therefore, studies on shear bands have been long-standing hot topics in the MG field. In this paper, based on the previous studies of shear banding behaviors in various MGs, the mechanisms of shear band propagation, cracking, and unstable fracture under monotonic and cyclic loadings are elucidated. The experimental evidence of progressive shear band propagation under uniaxial loading is provided and the mechanisms of shear band cracking under compression are revealed. It is found that the “cold” fracture of shear band can occur when reducing sample size, adding external confinement, or decreasing the testing temperature to stabilize the shear band propagation. Under cyclic loading, the shear-band-mediated fatigue crack initiation and cracking mechanisms are confirmed. Furthermore, the fragmentation in brittle MGs under compression should be caused by split cracking from defects. The effect of sample size on competition between shearing and splitting for brittle MGs is also discussed. Finally, the significant role of external defects (e.g., notches) on shear banding behavior is described and a “defect engineering” strategy for tailoring the mechanical properties of MGs is proposed.
Key words:  metallic glass      shear band      crack      notch      size effect     
Received:  27 October 2020     
ZTFLH:  TG139.8  
Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771205);Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2020-MS-011);Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1808027)
About author:  ZHANG Zhefeng, professor, Tel: (024)23971043, E-mail: zhfzhang@imr.ac.cn
QU Ruitao, professor, Tel: (024)83970116, E-mail: rtqu@nwpu.edu.cn
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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00428     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2021/V57/I4/453

Fig.1  Distributions of local shear offset along the shear band (BMG—bulk metallic glass, λmax—the maximum shear offset, k0—the coefficient. Insets illustrate the inserting and transecting shear bands, which propagate progressively and simultaneously, respectively) [36]
Fig.2  Magnified engineering stress-strain curve of Ti-based metallic glass (MG) close to the macroscopic yielding point (MYP) (Insets illustrate the inserting and transecting shear bands in the MG samples)[36]
Fig.3  Illustration showing the formation of a shear band under compression and the mechanism of apparent work-hardening during progressive propagation (σcontraction and σtraction denote the contraction and traction stresses on the initial shear band, respectively; σiSB and σy are critical stresses for shear band initaiton and propagation, respectively; τ is shear stress; σ and λ are local stress and shear offsets along the distance (x) from point O, respectively; σmax is the maximum stress at the point O, while λmax1 and λmax2 are the maximum shear offsets at the point O, respectively)[36]
Fig.4  Deformation behavior of a Ti-based MG under in situ three-point bending (hT and hC are the maximum heights of shear band (SB) zone in the tension side and compression side of the specimen, respectively)[50]
Fig.5  Observations on shear band cracking behavior of a Zr-based MG under compression[58]
Fig.6  Illustration of the cracking mechanisms of shear band under compression[58] (a-d) evolutions of crack initiation, growth and linkage inside the shear band and shear affected zone during plastic shearing, with the cracking dominated by creation and coalescence of excess free volume (e) crack initiation at local non-planar sites of shear band due to the shearing induced tensile stress component (f) crack initiation at the intersection point of the major shear band and secondary shear band
Fig.7  Comparison of fracture morphologies between unconfined and confined compression[71]
Fig.8  Engineering stress-strain curve, and deformation and fracture morphologies of Vit-105 MG with small-sized sample[70]
Fig.9  Low-temperature gradual cracking behaviors of a Ti-based MG and its explanation[51]
Fig.10  Local shear offset as a function of the distance from the origin site of shear band for one shear band after different loading cycles[88]
Fig.11  Evolution of shear band and variation of fatigue crack length with increasing cyclic number during cyclic compression of an MG[96] (a, b) SEM observations of shear-band evolution under different loading cycles (c) crack length (a) and shear offset (λm) at the origin sit of shear band as a function of cyclic loading number (N) (λm0 is the maximum shear offset for a shear band; Nc,i and Ns,p are the critical loading cycles at which crack initiates and shear-band propagation stops, respectively)
Fig.12  Observations on cracking behavior and illustrations of fragmentation mechanism under macroscopic compression[102]
Fig.13  Nominal compressive strength as a function of radius of hole or pore for the Co-based MG[102] (The dashed lines are the predicted strength curves according to the shear banding dominated fracture mechanism, while the green and red shadow curves give the necessary conditions for splitting cracking of samples with hole and pore, respectively. The green and red shadows were plotted due to the uncertain value of the plane strain fracture toughness of the MG. d is the pillar diameter)
Fig.14  Notch tensile deformation (a, b) and fracture (c) morphologies of a Zr-based MG, and comparison of notch strength ratio between MGs and other alloys (d) (σN—the nominal ultimate tensile stress (UTS) of notched specimen, σT—the UTS of smooth specimen)[19]
Fig.15  Comparisons of tensile, compressive and notch fatigue behaviors between TiZr-based MG and CM400 ultra-high strength steel (UHSS)[20]
Fig.16  An example for defect engineering of MGs: Improving the macroscopic tensile ductility via rapid defect printing (RDP) treatment[132]
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