Effects of Silicon on the Microstructure and Propertiesof Cast Duplex Stainless Steel with Ultra-HighChromium and High Carbon

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00259

Acta Metall Sin

2020, Vol. 56

Issue (3): 278-290 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00259

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Effects of Silicon on the Microstructure and Propertiesof Cast Duplex Stainless Steel with Ultra-HighChromium and High Carbon

WANG Guiqin,WANG Qin,CHE Honglong,LI Yajun,LEI Mingkai(

)

Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

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WANG Guiqin,WANG Qin,CHE Honglong,LI Yajun,LEI Mingkai. Effects of Silicon on the Microstructure and Propertiesof Cast Duplex Stainless Steel with Ultra-HighChromium and High Carbon. Acta Metall Sin, 2020, 56(3): 278-290.

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Abstract

Duplex stainless steels have excellent corrosion resistance, but its insufficient wear resistance limits its application scope. Therefore, alloying of duplex stainless steels to form hard phases, such as carbides, becomes one of the important research directions to enhance their wear resistance keeping their good corrosion resistance. Specifically, carbides are considered as an ideal hard phase to strengthen Fe-Cr-C alloys, where their types, hardness, volume fraction, morphology, size, spacing and interconnecting feature are the important factors affecting the wear resistance of the alloys. It has been shown that, Si as an alloying addition can modify the carbide precipitates in type, phase morphology and distribution in Fe-Cr-C alloys, having an obvious influence on their wear and corrosion resistance as well as their mechanical properties. In this work, the microstructure and properties of two types of ultra-high chromium (40%, mass fraction) and high carbon (1.5%) duplex stainless steels with different concentrations of Si (0.46% and 1.36%) are investigated. The composition, as-cast microstructure and solidification process as well as the changes in the microstructure, phase structure after solution treatment were studied by chemical analysis, OM, SEM, EPMA and XRD. The mechanical properties including hardness, tensile strength, fracture toughness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance have been tested correspondingly. It is revealed that, both the two kinds of duplex stainless steels have a constitution of three phases in as-cast state, i.e. γ phase, σ phase and M₂₃C₆. During the solidification process of the steel with 0.46%Si, δ ferrite dendrite forms at the beginning, followed by eutectic (δ+M₂₃C₆), peritectic γ, and finally eutectic (γ+M₂₃C₆), in which the δ phase transformed into eutectoid (γ₂+σ) in the subsequent cooling process. For the duplex stainless steel with 1.36%Si, the increase of δ ferrite amount is observed leading to obviously increased content of σ phase, the morphology of peritectic γ becomes intermittent and irregular shape, and no eutectic (γ+M₂₃C₆) forms. After solution treatment, the two kinds of steels are composed of ferrite, austenite and M₂₃C₆ type carbide. Note that, the volume fraction and continuity of α ferrite are promoted obviously by increasing Si content from 0.46% to 1.36%. The Si addition slightly improves the hardness, tensile strength and fracture toughness of the duplex stainless steel, while has little effect on the corrosion resistance and slightly reduces the wear resistance.

Key words: ultra-high chromium high carbon duplex stainless steel silicon solidification process

Received: 02 August 2019

ZTFLH:

TG13

Fund: National Basic Research Program of China(2015CB057306);National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1508218)

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	Guiqin WANG
	Qin WANG
	Honglong CHE
	Yajun LI
	Mingkai LEI

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00259 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2020/V56/I3/278

Table 1 Chemical compositions of two kinds of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steels (mass fraction / %)

Fig.1 XRD spectra of casting samples of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steels

Fig.2 As-cast metallographs of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel with 0.46%Si etched by KMnO₄ solution (a) and V2A-Beize solution (b, c)

Fig.3 As-cast metallographs of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel with 1.36%Si etched by KMnO₄ solution (a) and V2A-Beize solution (b)

Fig.4 Backscattered electron images of as-cast ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel(a) full view of 0.46%Si (b) eutectoid structure in the core of area A of 0.46%Si(c) full view of 1.36%Si (d) eutectoid structure in the core of area A of 1.36%Si

Table 2 Microzonal composition analyses in Fig.4 of as-cast ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel (mass fraction / %)

Fig.5 SEM image of as-cast ultra high chromium and high carbon steel(a) full view of 0.46%Si (b) details of σ in the area A for 0.46%Si(c) full view of 1.36%Si (d) details of σ in the area A for 1.36%Si

Table 3 EDS analyses of as-cast ultra high chromium and high carbon steel in Fig.5 (mass fraction / %)

Fig.6 XRD spectra of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel after solution treatment

Fig.7 Metallographs of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steels with 0.46%Si (a~c) and 1.36%Si (d~f) after solution treatment etched by KMnO₄ (a, d), V2A-Beize (b, e) and KOH (c, f), respectively

Fig.8 Backscattered electron images of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel with 0.46%Si (a) and 1.36%Si (b) after solution treatment

Table 4 Microzonal composition analyses of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel after solution treatment in Fig.8 (mass fraction / %)

Table 5 Mechanical properties of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel

Fig.9 Engineering stress-strain curves of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel after solution treatment

Fig.10 Tensile fracture morphologies of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel with 0.46%Si (a) and 1.36%Si (b) after solution treatment

Fig.11 Friction coefficient curves of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel after solution treatment

Fig.12 Surface morphologies of worn surfaces of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steels with 0.46%Si (a) and 1.36%Si (b) after solution treatment

Fig.13 Anodic polarization curves of ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel in boric acid solution after solution treatment

Fig.14 Mott-Schottky plots of the passive films formed on ultra-high chromium and high carbon steel in boric acid solution after solution treatment (C—capacitance of electronic double-layer)

Table 6 Carrier density and flat band potentials (E_fb) of the passive films formed on ultra high chromium and high carbon steel in boric acid solution after solution treatment

Fig.15 Schematic of liquidus projection diagram of Fe-Cr-C alloy (w—mass fraction of element)

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