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Acta Metall Sin  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (1): 16-32    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00509
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Recent Progress on Interfacial Structure Optimization and Their Influencing Mechanism of Carbon Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites
Tongxiang FAN(), Yue LIU, Kunming YANG, Jian SONG, Di ZHANG
State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Tongxiang FAN, Yue LIU, Kunming YANG, Jian SONG, Di ZHANG. Recent Progress on Interfacial Structure Optimization and Their Influencing Mechanism of Carbon Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(1): 16-32.

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Abstract  

Interfacial structure plays a critical role in determining combination properties of the metal matrix composites (MMCs). In order to further increase the properties, it is important to modify interfacial structure through fabrication process. Owing to the excellent mechanical and functional properties of carbon materials, such as the diamond, carbon nanotubes and graphene, carbon reinforced MMCs has attracted much attention in recent years. This work reviewed various interfacial structure optimization methods and their influencing mechanisms on the mechanical and functional properties of carbon/metal matrix composites. Moreover, the future research interests related to carbon/metal interface studies are proposed.
Key words:  carbon reinforcement      metal matrix composite      interfacial structure optimization      influencing mechanism     
Received:  08 November 2018     
ZTFLH:  TB333  
Fund: Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFB0703101)
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Tongxiang FAN
Yue LIU
Kunming YANG
Jian SONG
Di ZHANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00509     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2019/V55/I1/16

Fig.1  Illustrations showing two kinds of oxygen atoms in the carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Cu oxide composite powders processed by molecular-level mixing and oxidation (a), microstructures of CNTs/Cu composite powders with the residual oxygen atoms derived from functional groups or not fully reduced oxide matrix at the CNTs/Cu interface (b), and consolidated CNTs/Cu nanocomposites with homogeneously dispersed CNTs in the Cu matrix (c) [13]
Fig.2  Schematics of fabrication process of reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Cu nanocomposites[14](a) pristine graphite(b) graphene oxide by the Hummers method(c) dispersion of Cu salt in graphene oxide solution(d) oxidation of Cu ions to Cu-oxide on graphene oxide(e) reduction of Cu-oxide and graphene oxide(f) sintered RGO/Cu nanocomposite powders
Fig.3  Schematics for the synthesis procedure of graphene nano-sheet (GNS)-Ni hybrids and GNS-Ni/Cu composites (SPS—spark plasma sintering)[29]
(a) as-received flake graphite
(b) graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets obtained by Hummers’ method
(c) GO nanosheets-Ni2+ obtained by adding NiSO46H2O into GO suspension
(d) GNS-Ni hybrids obtained by reducing GO nanosheets-Ni2+ with N2H4H2O
(e) as-prepared GNS-Ni hybrids and as-received Cu powder
(f) GNS-Ni/Cu mixed powder prepared by wet mixing
(g) bulk GNS-Ni/Cu composites consolidated by SPS
Fig.4  Schematics of the overall production process for 3D graphene nanosheets (GN)/Cu composites[33]
(a) Cu(NO3)2-C6H12O6 coated NaCl (b) Cu(NO3)2-C6H12O6 coated assembled NaCl particles
(c) GN-Cu coated NaCl particles (d) 3D GN@Cu powder
(e) 3D GN@Cu@Cu powders (f) 3D GN/Cu bulk composites
Fig.5  Schematic of the possible carbide formation/evolution mechanisms in RGO/CuCr composites (AC—amorphous carbon)[61]
Fig.6  Schematic of interface evolution process in multi-layered graphene (MLG)/Ti composites under 823 K, 1023 K and 1223 K (HR—hot rolling)[77]
Fig.7  Schematic of the fabrication procedures to fabricate graphene (Gr)/Cu composites (PMMA—polymethyl methacrylate) (a)[78], schematic of the formation process of in-situ grown 3D-GN (b)[79], a typical SEM image of 3D graphene dispersed within Cu matrix by etching bulk graphene/Cu composite partly (c)[79], and TEM image of 3D porous graphene obtained by etching the bulk composite completely (d)[79]
Fig.8  Schematic of fabrication of Gr/Cu composite with nacre-inspired structure (a~f). SEM micrographs showing the long-range order of flakes (g, j), and local stacking of flakes (h, k), TEM micrographs showing local stacking of flakes (i, l). TEM micrograph image showing the Gr/Cu interface (m). High resolution TEM image of Gr/Cu interface along the [110] direction of Cu matrix (n). Geometric phase analysis (GPA) map of the Fig.8n showing the position of the misfit dislocations at the interface as hot spots (o). Inverse FFT of one family of planes to show the position of dislocations indicated as extra half planes (pointed out by "T" symbols) (p)[80]
Fig.9  TEM images of a Cu-graphene nanopillar with a single layer of graphene before (a) and after (b) compression testing, TEM image of a Cu-graphene nanopillar with 125-nm repeat layer spacing at a low magnification after deformation (c), TEM image of a Cu-graphene nanopillar after deformation (d), TEM image of a metal-graphene interface (e), side views before the dislocation core arrives (left panel), right after the dislocation core arrives (middle panel), and after the dislocation is pinned and further propagation is blocked at the Ni-graphene interface (right panel) (The surface step is not created. Blue-coloured atoms are Ni, and green-coloured atoms are graphene) (f)[85]
Fig.10  SEM image and EDS element mapping of metallized diamond/Cu composites (a), schematic of the diamond(100)/Cu and diamond(111)/Cu interfaces (b)[58]
Fig.11  TEM images of as-deposited W nanofilm irradiated by 50 keV He+ to a total influence of 1×1017 cm-2 (a)[97], TEM images of peak He concentration region under 50 keV He+ irradiation to a total influence of 5×1016 ion/cm2: W15/Gr (b) and W30/Gr (c)[97], schematic illustration of shape changes on CNT, recombination, and helium out-gas (d)[98], traces of CNTs after helium ion irradiation (e)[98], Al4C3 nanocarbide under 72 DPA Al self-ion irradiation (f)[98], TEM image showing the nanocrystalline nature of V-graphene with 300 nm repeated layer spacing (g)[99], TEM image showing the radiation induced grain growth after He+ irradiation (h)[99]
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