A Review: Research on MR-Compatible Alloys in MRI

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00265

Acta Metall Sin

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (10): 1323-1330 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00265

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A Review: Research on MR-Compatible Alloys in MRI

Yibin REN¹(

), Jun LI^1,², Qingchuan WANG¹, Ke YANG¹

1 Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

Cite this article:

Yibin REN, Jun LI, Qingchuan WANG, Ke YANG. A Review: Research on MR-Compatible Alloys in MRI. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(10): 1323-1330.

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Abstract

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in clinical applications. Metallic medical devices and implants used under MRI normally produce noticeable artifact which seriously affects image quality. Therefore, the artifact is an essential problem that should be solved for metallic biomaterials. Although artifact can be reduced by technical manipulation, it cannot be eliminated completely. This paper summarizes recent studies on MR-compatible alloys such as Zr alloys, Nb alloys and Cu alloys. Compared with normally clinical metallic materials, MR-compatible alloys described in this article can effectively reduce or eliminate artifacts under MRI. MR-compatibility will become an essential property to implant materials and devices. Thus developing metallic biomaterials with low magnetic susceptibility and excellent comprehensive performance becomes more important.

Key words: magnetic resonance imaging metallic artifact MR-compatibility Zr alloy Cu alloy

Received: 03 July 2017

ZTFLH:

R318.08

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31370976)

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	Yibin REN
	Jun LI
	Qingchuan WANG
	Ke YANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00265 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I10/1323

Fig.1 Comparison of metal-related artifacts (left) and the mechanism that causes metal-related artifacts at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (right)^[8]
(a) relative positions of a titanium alloy screw (diameter, 4.5 mm) and two stainless steel screws (diameters, 3.5 and 4.5 mm) within the phantom
(b) axial MR images of the phantom (gradient-recalled echo sequence)
(c) axial MR images of the phantom (fast spin-echo sequence)

Table 1 Volume magnet susceptibilities of different metals and alloys^[7,12,13]

Fig.2 Mass magnetic susceptibilities of cold-rolled Zr-14Nb (solid symbols) and Zr (open symbols) as a function of reduction ratio^[17]

Fig.3 Effect of alloying element content on mass magnetic susceptibility of as-cast Zr-Ru^[14], Zr-Nb^[16] and Zr-Mo^[18] alloys

Fig.4 Representative 2D MR images (upper) and 3D renderings (lower) of the Zr, Ag and Zr-Ag alloy^[20]

Table 2 Mechanical properties of Nb28Ta3.5W1.3Zr^[22], Nb60Ta2Zr^[24] and ABI^[27] alloys

Fig.5 Representative MR images taken under 3-T field strength and FSE acquisition for rabbit tissue containing an implanted ^[21]
(a) Nb-60Ta-2Zr and (c) L605 tubes of 10 mm in length, 3 mm in outer diameter and 0.5 mm in wall thickness, representing the most severe artifacts produced among respective sets of slices (b) and (d) are magnified images focused on blocked areas in Figs.5a and c, respectively

Fig.6 3D artifact renderings of ten different metals under same imaging conditions (static field B₀=3.0 T fast spin echo, FSE) ^[33] (Noted: Cu with the least artifact compared with other metals; SUS means stainless steel)

Fig.7 Corresponding anteroposterior digital conventional angiogram obtained in the same pig with Cu alloy stents (arrows) in both renal arteries (With both MR angiographic techniques, the in-stent lumen is completely artifact free)^[31]

Fig.8 Representative 2D MR images of FSE in 3 T magnetic field for pure Cu (a1), silicon brass (b1) and pure Ti (c1), with cylinder samples in the phantom perpendicular to B₀; pure Cu (a2), silicon brass (b2) and pure Ti (c2), with cylinder samples in the phantom parallel to B₀^[32]

Fig.9 Representative 2D MR image of FSE in 3 T magnetic field for pure Zn (arrow), with cylinder sample in the phantom parallel to B₀

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