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Acta Metall Sin  2015, Vol. 51 Issue (12): 1449-1456    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00154
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FRICTION STIR WELDING AND LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY OF 7B04 Al SHEET
Chao YANG1,2,Jijie WANG2,Zongyi MA1,Dingrui NI1(),Mingjie FU3,Xiaohua LI3,Yuansong ZENG3
1 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
2 College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110036
3 Metal Forming Technology Department, Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute, Beijing 100024
Cite this article: 

Chao YANG,Jijie WANG,Zongyi MA,Dingrui NI,Mingjie FU,Xiaohua LI,Yuansong ZENG. FRICTION STIR WELDING AND LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERPLASTICITY OF 7B04 Al SHEET. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(12): 1449-1456.

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Abstract  

Annealed 7B04 Al sheets in thickness of 2 mm were subjected to friction stir welding (FSW) under three rotation rate and welding speed parameters of 1600 r/min, 200 mm/min; 800 r/min, 200 mm/min and 400 r/min, 400 mm/min, respectively. The effect of welding parameters on the tensile property and microstructure of the FSW joints were investigated, with more efforts focusing on the low-temperature superplasticity of the nugget zones (NZs). The results showed that FSW joints with high quality could be produced by controlling welding parameters, with a joint strength coefficient of 100% being obtained. Dynamic recrystallization took place in the NZs with fine and equiaxed grains generated. The grain size of the base material was about 300 μm, while it was significantly decreased in the NZs with decreasing the rotation rate: about 2, 1 and 0.6 μm for the above three samples, respectively. The fine grain structure of the NZs could facilitate their superplastic deformation. The NZs exhibited superplastic elongations ranged from 160% to 590% at 300 ℃ at strain rates of 1×10-3 and 3×10-4 s-1. The maximum superplasticity of 790% was obtained at 350 ℃ at the strain rate of 1×10-3 s-1. The ability to superplastic deformation disappeared in the NZs at 400 ℃.
Key words:  ultra-high strength aluminium alloy      friction stir welding      superplasticity      microstructure     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51331008)
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Articles by authors
Chao YANG
Jijie WANG
Zongyi MA
Dingrui NI
Mingjie FU
Xiaohua LI
Yuansong ZENG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00154     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2015/V51/I12/1449

Fig.1  Schematics of tensile sample of friction stir welding (FSW) joint at room temperature (a) and superplastic tensile sample of nugget zone (NZ) (b) (unit: mm)
Direction Tensile strength / MPa Yield strength / MPa Elongation / %
Lengthways 210.0 90.0 16.5
Crosswise 211.0 98.0 16.3
Table 1  Tensile properties of 7B04 aluminum alloy base metal (BM) at room temperature
Specimen Ratation rate rmin-1 Welding speed mmmin-1 Tensile strength MPa Yield strength MPa Elongation %
400-400 400 400 213.5 76.0 14.5
800-200 800 200 216.5 98.5 14.7
1600-200 1600 200 212.5 78.5 16.5
Table 2  Tensile properties of FSW 7B04 aluminum alloy at room temperature
Fig.2  OM images of different welds (a~c) and FSW 7B04 aluminum alloy joints (d~f) of samples 400-400 (a, d), 800-200 (b, e) and 1600-200 (c, f) (AS—advancing side, RS—retreating side)
Fig.3  OM image of 7B04 aluminum alloy BM
Fig.4  TEM images of 7B04 aluminum alloy BM (a) and FSW NZs of samples 400-400 (b), 800-200 (c) and 1600-200 (d)
Fig.5  XRD spectra of 7B04 aluminum alloy BM and NZ of sample 400-400
Fig.6  Superplastic tensile properties of FSW 7B04 aluminum alloy
Fig.7  Sample morphologies of FSW 7B04Al NZs after superplastic deformation under various conditions

(a) undeformed sample

(b) sample 1600-200 under 300 ℃ and 3×10-4 s-1

(c) sample 800-200 under 300 ℃ and 3×10-4 s-1

(d) sample 400-400 under 300 ℃ and 3×10-4 s-1

(e) sample 400-400 under 350 ℃ and 1×10-3 s-1

Fig.8  SEM images of surface morphologies of tensile 400-400 sample near fracture tip under 300 ℃, 3×10-4 s-1 (a) and 350 ℃, 1×10-3 s-1 (b)
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