蔡桂喜 刘昆霖 刘芳 杨亮 李建奎 孟杰 李阳. 基于超声表面纵波的单晶高温合金各向异性表征[J]. 金属学报, 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00056.

摘要 相关文章 Metrics 全文: PDF(1426 KB)   摘要: 单晶等材料的性能表征因其各向异性存在许多技术方法局限性。超声是一种成熟且经济实用的技术，超声信号蕴含着丰富的材料宏观和微观结构等信息。为利用超声技术优势表征单晶高温合金的各向异性，本工作提出了一种能获得超声各向异性传播声场可视化表示的表面纵波全方向扫查(SLW-ODS)测试方法。首先通过理论分析和仿真明晰了单晶材料中表面纵波的激励接收技术条件，然后搭建了水浸超声环形扫描检测试验平台，对晶体生长取向为<001>和<011>的镍基单晶高温合金试样以及各向同性的不锈钢板和电解镍板进行了测试，通过检测表面纵波在传播过程中泄漏到水中的波，获得了四种试样的表面纵波传播声场。再通过提取环形声场信号构建极坐标下的全向声时幅度分布的图像(OATM)，并采用图像处理技术获得了各方向准确的相对声速，与基于Christoffel方程的理论速度曲线高度一致。结果表明，基于SLW-ODS方法获得的不同形态花纹图案的OATM可方便地表征单晶高温合金的各向异性。 关键词 ： 镍基单晶高温合金,  各向异性表征,  水浸超声,  声场成像,  图像处理,  表面纵波全向测试法,  全向声时幅度图     Abstract：The performance characterization of single-crystal materials faces numerous technical limitations owing to their intrinsic anisotropy. Ultrasonic testing, a mature and cost-effective technique, provides rich information about both macroscopic and microscopic structural properties of materials. While it has been widely used to characterize the microstructures and mechanical properties of isotropic materials, its applications to anisotropic materials remain limited owing to the complexity of their acoustic behavior. Recent advancements driven by the competitive demands of the aerospace industry have made this field a research hotspot. To leverage ultrasonic technology for characterizing anisotropy in single-crystal superalloys, this study proposes a surface longitudinal wave omnidirectional scanning (SLW-ODS) method that enables the visual representation of ultrasonic wave propagation fields in anisotropic media. The core approach involves exciting SLWs in the workpiece, combined with surface acoustic field imaging and morphological image processing techniques, to map and analyze the macro- and micro-structural and mechanical anisotropy of single-crystal superalloys. First, the technical conditions for SLW excitation and reception in single crystal materials were clarified through theoretical analysis and simulation. Then, a water-immersion ultrasonic ring-scanning test platform was developed to examine nickel-based single crystal superalloy plates with <001> and <011> crystal growth orientations as well as isotropic stainless steel and electrolytic nickel plates. The SLW propagation sound fields in the four specimens were obtained by detecting waves leaking into water during propagation. By extracting annular sound field signals in polar coordinates, an omnidirectional amplitude of flight-time distribution map (OATM) was constructed. Image processing techniques were then employed to obtain accurate relative velocities in all directions, which closely matched theoretical velocity curves derived from the Christoffel equation. The results demonstrate that OATM, with distinct morphological patterns obtained via the SLW-ODS method, effectively reflects the anisotropic acoustic characteristics of bulk waves and multimode ultrasonic waves in single crystal superalloys. These acoustic features can be further utilized to characterize anisotropy in the macro- and micro-structures and mechanical properties of single crystal superalloys. Key words： nickel based single crystal superalloy    anisotropy characterization    water immersion ultrasound    acoustic field imaging    image processing    surface longitudinal wave omnidirectional testing method    omnidirectional amplitude with flight-time mapping 收稿日期: 2025-02-27      服务 把本文推荐给朋友 加入引用管理器 E-mail Alert RSS 作者相关文章 蔡桂喜 刘昆霖 刘芳 杨亮 李建奎 孟杰 李阳 44.8K 链接本文: https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0 [1] 何家宝, 王亮, 张朝威, 邹明科, 孟杰, 王新广, 姜肃猛, 周亦胄, 孙晓峰. Al2O3 涂层对硅基陶瓷型芯与镍基单晶高温合金界面反应的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 1093-1108. [2] 李永梅, 谭子昊, 王新广, 陶稀鹏, 杨彦红, 刘纪德, 刘金来, 李金国, 周亦胄, 孙晓峰. 一种低成本第三代单晶高温合金的高温氧化行为[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(7): 1049-1059. [3] 刘静, 张思倩, 王栋, 王莉, 陈立佳. Ta对一种抗热腐蚀镍基单晶高温合金长时热暴露组织和蠕变性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(2): 179-188. [4] 张振武, 李继康, 许文贺, 沈沐宇, 戚磊一, 郑可盈, 李伟, 魏青松. 搭接工艺对选区激光熔化镍基单晶高温合金DD491晶体取向与微观组织的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(11): 1471-1486. [5] 刘悦, 姚文轩, 刘大晖, 丁琳, 杨正伟, 刘微, 于涛, 施思齐. 高质量文本数据驱动的命名实体识别加速镍基单晶高温合金材料知识发现[J]. 金属学报, 2024, 60(10): 1429-1438. [6] 赵鹏, 谢光, 段慧超, 张健, 杜奎. 两种高代次镍基单晶高温合金热机械疲劳中的再结晶行为[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(9): 1221-1229. [7] 张子轩, 于金江, 刘金来. 镍基单晶高温合金DD432的持久性能各向异性[J]. 金属学报, 2023, 59(12): 1559-1567. [8] 徐静辉, 李龙飞, 刘心刚, 李辉, 冯强. 热力耦合对一种第四代镍基单晶高温合金1100℃蠕变组织演变的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(2): 205-214. [9] 和思亮, 赵云松, 鲁凡, 张剑, 李龙飞, 冯强. 热等静压对铸态及固溶态第二代镍基单晶高温合金显微缺陷及持久性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56(9): 1195-1205. [10] 胡斌,李树索,裴延玲,宫声凯,徐惠彬. <111>取向小角偏离对一种镍基单晶高温合金蠕变性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(9): 1204-1210. [11] 马晋遥,王晋,赵云松,张剑,张跃飞,李吉学,张泽. 一种第二代镍基单晶高温合金1150 ℃原位拉伸断裂机制研究[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(8): 987-996. [12] 张宇, 王清, 董红刚, 董闯, 张洪宇, 孙晓峰. 基于团簇模型设计的镍基单晶高温合金(Ni, Co)-Al-(Ta, Ti)-(Cr, Mo, W)及其在900 ℃下1000 h的长期时效行为[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(4): 591-602. [13] 郭静, 李金国, 刘纪德, 黄举, 孟祥斌, 孙晓峰. 低偏析异质籽晶制备单晶高温合金的籽晶熔合区形成机制研究[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(3): 419-427. [14] 王博,张军,潘雪娇,黄太文,刘林,傅恒志. W对第三代镍基单晶高温合金组织稳定性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(3): 298-306. [15] 郁峥嵘,丁贤飞,曹腊梅,郑运荣,冯强. 第二、三代镍基单晶高温合金含Hf过渡液相连接*[J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52(5): 549-560. Viewed Full text Abstract Cited   Shared      Discussed