<strong>Cu</strong>含量对<strong>SiC/Al-Mg-Si-Cu</strong>复合材料自然时效负面效应的影响

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00330

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (7): 928-936 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00330

研究论文

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Cu含量对SiC/Al-Mg-Si-Cu复合材料自然时效负面效应的影响

朱士泽¹^,², 王东¹(

), 王全兆¹, 肖伯律¹(

), 马宗义¹

^1.中国科学院金属研究所师昌绪先进材料创新中心沈阳 110016
^2.中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110016

Influence of Cu Content on the Negative Effect of Natural Aging in SiC/Al-Mg-Si-Cu Composites

ZHU Shize¹^,², WANG Dong¹(

), WANG Quanzhao¹, XIAO Bolv¹(

), MA Zongyi¹

^1.Shi -Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China

引用本文:

朱士泽, 王东, 王全兆, 肖伯律, 马宗义. Cu含量对SiC/Al-Mg-Si-Cu复合材料自然时效负面效应的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(7): 928-936.
Shize ZHU, Dong WANG, Quanzhao WANG, Bolv XIAO, Zongyi MA. Influence of Cu Content on the Negative Effect of Natural Aging in SiC/Al-Mg-Si-Cu Composites[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(7): 928-936.

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摘要:

通过硬度测试、DSC分析及TEM观测研究了Cu含量对17%SiC (体积分数)颗粒增强Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、0.6、1.0、1.2，质量分数，%)复合材料自然时效负面效应的影响规律，并与未增强合金进行了比较。结果表明，与不含Cu的情况相比，添加Cu可以减小复合材料及铝合金在直接人工时效态和先自然时效后人工时效态的硬度差值(ΔH)。其原因在于Cu可以促进人工时效时β"相析出，并形成稳定性良好的L相(一种含Cu纳米相，不易粗化)。然而，Cu会加剧自然时效团簇形成，这些团簇难以在人工时效时转变成析出相，不利于人工时效硬化。因此，Cu对于抑制自然时效的负面效应既存在有利影响，也存在不利影响，表现为ΔH随Cu含量增加产生波动变化。此外，随Cu含量增加，Cu抑制自然时效负面效应的作用在复合材料和合金中表现出不同的规律。与不含Cu的样品相比，复合材料中添加0.2%Cu即可显著降低ΔH，但在铝合金中Cu需增加至0.6%才出现明显效果。这种差异主要源自2方面原因：其一，在铝合金中添加0.2%Cu即会明显促进自然时效团簇的形成；而复合材料中界面及位错湮灭了空位，故0.2%Cu对自然时效团簇析出行为的影响不大；其二，复合材料中添加0.2%Cu便可形成L相，但合金中却不会。

关键词 ：金属基复合材料, Al-Mg-Si-(Cu)合金, 自然时效, 人工时效, 负面效应

Abstract：

Most Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys and their composites are affected by natural aging processes. When natural aging precedes artificial aging, it impairs the hardening during artificial aging. This study investigates the influence of Cu content on the negative effects of natural aging in silicon carbide (SiC) (17% volume fraction) reinforced Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0, 0.2, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.2, mass fraction, %) composites. The samples were investigated by hardness analysis, DSC, and TEM. For comparison, Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu alloys were examined by the same methods. The difference in hardness (ΔH) between samples in the direct artificial aging state and those that were naturally aged for 14 d before artificial aging were compared with Cu-containing and Cu-free samples. The values of ΔH were lower in the Cu-containing samples, indicating that Cu mitigated the negative effects of natural aging. However, the values of ΔH fluctuated as the Cu content increased. DSC and TEM results revealed the addition of Cu promoted the precipitation of β" phases (the primary strengthening phases in Al-Mg-Si alloys) and the formation of stable L phases during artificial aging. This morphological behavior explained why Cu inhibited the negative effects of natural aging. On the downside, Cu aggravated the formation of clusters during natural aging, which resisted precipitation and negatively affected the hardening during artificial aging. The contrasting beneficial and adverse influence on the effects of natural aging caused the fluctuations in ΔH. The mitigating effect of Cu differed between the 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu composites and Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu alloys. A small amount of Cu (0.2%, mass fraction) significantly reduced the ΔHof the composite, but the Al alloy with 0.2%Cu failed to elicit this effect. This result can be explained by two observations. First, the DSC results showed that in the Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cu alloys, Cu significantly aggravated the clustering of solute atoms during natural aging, whereas in the 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cu composites, formation of clusters was low because the vacancies were annihilated by interfaces and dislocations. Second, the TEM results revealed the presence of L phases in the 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cu composites, which were absent in the Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cu alloys.

Key words： metal matrix composites Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) alloy natural aging artificial aging negative effect

收稿日期: 2020-08-27

ZTFLH:

TG 146.2

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51671191、51931009)

作者简介: 朱士泽，男，1993年生，博士生

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00330 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I7/928

图1 17%SiC (体积分数)/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-1.0Cu (质量分数，%)复合材料AA(淬火后立刻在170℃下人工时效6 h)状态下微观组织的OM及SEM像

图2 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、0.6、1.0)复合材料及Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、0.6、1.0)合金的DSC曲线及峰B积分面积

图3 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、1.0)复合材料AA状态和NA/AA (淬火后先自然时效14 d，然后170℃下人工时效6 h)状态下析出相的TEM明场像及相应的析出相长度统计结果(a, b) x = 0 (c, d) x = 0.2 (e, f) x = 1.0

图4 析出相的典型HRTEM像及相应的快速Fourier变换(a) β" phase (b) β' phase (c) L phase

图5 Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、1.0)铝合金AA状态和NA/AA状态下析出相的TEM明场像及相应的析出相长度统计结果(a, b) x = 0 (c, d) x = 0.2 (e, f) x = 1.0

图6 Cu含量对AA、NA/AA状态下17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、0.6、1.0、1.2)复合材料和Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-xCu (x = 0、0.2、0.6、1.0、1.2)合金硬度的影响

图7 17%SiC/Al-1.2Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cu复合材料在AA状态下Al基体与SiC颗粒界面的HAADF像及相应的EDS元素分布图

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