Research Progress on Principle of Dimensional Stability and Stabilization Design of Al and Its Composites

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00482

Acta Metall Sin

2019, Vol. 55

Issue (1): 33-44 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00482

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Research Progress on Principle of Dimensional Stability and Stabilization Design of Al and Its Composites

Gaohui WU(

), Jing QIAO, Longtao JIANG

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Cite this article:

Gaohui WU, Jing QIAO, Longtao JIANG. Research Progress on Principle of Dimensional Stability and Stabilization Design of Al and Its Composites. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(1): 33-44.

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Abstract

Dimensional stability refers to the materials' ability to maintain their original size during long-term storage or under service conditions. The key components of the angle, velocity and position sensors, such as the gyroscopes, star sensors and optical observation devices, are extreme sensitive to the micro-deformation of the materials, and the dimensional instability of the present materials has become to be the bottleneck problem that restricts the accuracy of the equipment. Deep research has been carried out abroad from the aspect of the microstructure modification by heat-treatment and pretension deformation treatment of metals since 1970s. However, the domestic research on the dimensional stability is rather weak, which was mainly focused on the effect of the residual stress, and the corresponding engineering application effect is not pronounced. In the present work, the research experience and main results of the authors and coworkers on dimensional stability for decades have been introduced, including novel characterization method of dimensional stability during long-term storage (without stress), and the basic evolution process of the phase-stability, microstructure-stability and the anisotropy behavior of the Al alloys, which was revealed by the novel characterization method. Furthermore, the basic design principles of high dimensional stability and the design ideas based on the dispersivity of reinforcements of the Al matrix composites have been introduced. Moreover, the microstructure characters and the application effect in practical engineering of the high dimensional stability optical-grade and instrument-grade SiC/2024Al composites have been described. Based on the theoretical analysis and the practice effects, it indicates that the accuracy and accuracy stability of the instruments is mainly depended on dimensional stability of the used materials, and the dimensional stability of the materials was mainly affected by its intrinsic deformation characteristics, while the effect of the residual stress was subordinate. The present work also indicates that the application of the dimensional stability principle is also instructive to the technology upgrading of the high precision components, such as precision bearings.

Key words: dimensional stability metal matrix composite characterization method composite design

Received: 24 October 2018

ZTFLH:

TB333

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1637201)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00482 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2019/V55/I1/33

Fig.1 Temperature-time curve (a) and dimensional change-cycling times curve (b) of SiC/2024Al composites (T6) during cycling between -20 ℃ and 60 ℃ (dL—change in length, L₀—original length)

Fig.2 Dimensional changes of 2024Al plate in different directions during holding at 190 ℃^[11]

Table 1 The specific volume of precipitated phases in 2024Al alloy

Fig.3 Dimensional changes of annealed SiC/2024Al composite during holding at 160 ℃^[18]
(a) temperature-time curve
(b) strain-time curve

Fig.4 Dimensional changes of quenched SiC/2024Al and SiC/1199Al during holding at 160 ℃^[18]
(a) temperature-time curve
(b) strain-time curves

Fig.5 Stress distributions at the particle/matrix interface in SiC/2024Al composites
(a) reinforced with 32 μm particles
(b) reinforced with 8 μm particles
(c) reinforced with 4 μm particles

Fig.6 Thermal expansion coefficients of SiC/2024Al composites obtained by three theoretical models (α_com, α_m, α_p—the coefficients of thermal expansion of SiC/2024Al composites, matrix and reinforcement, respectively; K_m, K_p— bulk modulus of the composites and reinforcement, respectively)^[28]

Table 2 A calculation example of the dispersivity of reinforcement of 45%SiC/2024Al composites^[15]

Fig.7 Matrix morphologies of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with different particle sizes^[29]
(a) 10 μm SiC/2024Al (b) 150 nm Al₂O₃/6061Al (c, d) 150 nm SiC/2024Al

Table 3 Comparisons of dimensional stability of different materials^[30]

Fig.8 Comparisons of dimensional stability of instrument-grade SiC/2024Al composites and traditional materials during thermal-cold cycling

Fig.9 Lumped transfer functions of ZL107 aluminum alloy (a) and SiC/2024Al composites (b) (f—frequency)^[31]

Fig.10 Instrument grade SiC/2024Al composites gyroscope parts

Fig.11 SiC/2024Al composites optical camera parts

Fig.12 Instrument-grade SiC/2024Al composites steering parts for spacecraft propulsion

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