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Acta Metall Sin  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (1): 1-15    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00456
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Progress on Multi-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites: A Review
Naiqin ZHAO(), Xinghai LIU, Bowen PU
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Naiqin ZHAO, Xinghai LIU, Bowen PU. Progress on Multi-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites: A Review. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(1): 1-15.

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Abstract  

Metal matrix composites (MMCs), especially aluminum matrix composites (AMCs), are widely used in the applications of aerospace, automotive, mechatronics and other areas due to the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, and excellent thermal and electrical conductivity. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials as the reinforcement of MMCs, have attracted great attention for their outstanding mechanical and functional properties. This review focuses on the progress on preparation methods and mechanical properties of different dimensional carbon nanomaterials (0-D carbon nano-onions, 1-D carbon nanotubes, 2-D graphene et al.) reinforced AMCs. The design ideas of aluminum matrix composites with high strength and toughness through the structural construction have been summarized ranging from single- to multi-dimensional hybrid reinforcements, and the future research trends of MMCs have been prospected.
Key words:  carbon nanomaterial      aluminum matrix composite      preparation method      mechanical property      multi-dimension     
Received:  28 September 2018     
ZTFLH:  TG146.2  
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51531004 and 51472177)
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Naiqin ZHAO
Xinghai LIU
Bowen PU

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00456     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2019/V55/I1/1

Fig.1  Microstructure, preparation and mechanical property of carbon nonoonin (CNO) and CNO/Al composite(a) CNO fabricated by co-precipitation method[13](b) CNO/Al composite made by extrusion and casting processing[14](c) CNO synthesized by in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD)[16](d) CNO/Al composite fabricated by flake powder metallurgy (FPM) (PPCVD—polymer pyrolysis CVD, CA—citric acid monohydrate)[17](e) TEM image of CNO[17](f) mechanical property of 1.2%CNO/Al (mass fraction) composite[17]
Fig.2  Preparation schematics of CNT/Al composite (CNT—carbon nanotube)
(a) wetting process of CNTs on aluminum foil (V-MWCNT—vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube)[23]
(b) CNT/Al composite fabricated by laminated rolling followed with injection of CNT into Al foil[25]
(c) fabrication of the composite by melting method[27]
(d) processing of hot extrusion[30]
(e) equal channel angle pressing (ECAP) technology[31]
(f) CNT dispersed by friction stirring processing (FSP)[32]
Fig.3  Fabrication procedures, mechanism and morphology for CNT/Al composite
(a) schematic of homogeneous dispersion of CNT modified by PVA in aluminum slurry[34]
(b) schematic of the CNT adsorption mechanism on the Al@PVA surface[34]
(c) dispersion of CNT by liquid ball milling[36]
(d) SEM image of aluminum powder anchored with uniformly distributed CNT[36]
Fig.4  Fabrication procedures and morphologies of CNT/Al composites
(a, b) schematics for the fabrication of CNT(Ni)-Al composite powders by in situ CVD[39]
(c) TEM image of CNT/Al composite powder[39]
(d) HRTEM image of MWCNT[39]
(e) fabrication of CNT/Al composite by in situ growth, short-time milling and hot sintering[40]
(f) TEM image of 2.5%-CNT/Al composite bulk after 90 min ball milling and hot extrusion[40]
Fig.5  Preparation and microstructures of GO/Al composite (GO—graphene oxide)(a) schematic of GO/Al composite powder by electrostatic adsorption[63](b) SEM image of 0.5%GO (mass fraction) coated with aluminum powder[63](c) morphology of flake-like aluminum powder and GO after ball milling[65](d) TEM image along rolling direction, which shows the interface of GO-Al[66]
Fig.6  Processing of GN/Al composite catalyzed by Cu (a) and TEM image (b), and fabrication of Ni nanoparticles (NPs)-decorated graphene hybrid (Ni-NPs@GNP/Al) bulk composite by in situ method (c) and TEM image (d)[67,68]
Fig.7  Trade-off relationship of strength and elongation of traditional unitary dimensional CNP/Al composites
Fig.8  Morphologies and processing of rGO-CNT/Al composite (a~c), 3D CNT-GN@Cu powder (d~f) and 3D rebar GN (g~i)[102,113,114](a) illustration of the fabrication procedure of rGO-CNT/Al composite powders(b) SEM image of hybrid structure of rGO-CNT/Al composite powders(c) comparison of engineering stress-strain curves of rGO-CNT/Al, rGO/Al and CNT/Al composites(d) illustration of the fabrication process of 3D CNT-GN/Cu hybrid structure by in situ idea(e, f) TEM images of 3D CNT-GN@Cu powders(g) schematic of 3D rebar GN by powder metallurgy template method, which was obtained by changing the shape of precursor into screw-like morphology(h) SEM image of 3D rebar GN foam(i) combination of GN and surface-peeled CNT
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