Aluminum alloy and stainless steel composite structure have been widely used in the chemical industry. Aluminum alloy and stainless steel are difficult to weld by fusion weld method because of differences in physical and chemical properties. Joints of aluminum alloy 5A06 and 0Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel with good mechanical properties were created using vaporizing foil actuator welding with an interlayer. The interlayer was welded to both the target and the flyer on a ring-shaped welded area. The influences of the input energy on the time of the occurrence of vaporization and mechanical properties of the joints were analyzed. Single collection system and photonic Doppler velocimetry system were used to analyze the burst time, discharge current and voltage changes with energy input increased, and microstructure and element distribution were analyzed by OM and SEM with EDS. The results show that as the input energy increases, the vaporization of the foil occurred earlier and achieved higher impact velocity, resulting in a larger diameter of the welded area. The peak tensile load and shear load were increased with energy input increased, the peak tensile load is 44.0 kN and peak shear load is 2.1 kN with 9 kJ energy input. The Al3003 was joint to 5A06 in symmetric wavy pattern and joint with 0Cr18Ni10Ti stainless steel by intermetallic compounds. The joining areas were not aligned.