Recent Progresses in Competitive Grain Growth During Directional Solidification

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00543

Acta Metall Sin

2018, Vol. 54

Issue (5): 657-668 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00543

Special Issue for the Solidification of Metallic Materials

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Recent Progresses in Competitive Grain Growth During Directional Solidification

Jincheng WANG(

), Chunwen GUO, Junjie LI, Zhijun WANG

State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China

Cite this article:

Jincheng WANG, Chunwen GUO, Junjie LI, Zhijun WANG. Recent Progresses in Competitive Grain Growth During Directional Solidification. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(5): 657-668.

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Abstract

Competitive growth between different structures including phases, dendrites and grains is a common phenomenon existing in various microstructure evolution processes. The overgrowth outcome of competitive growth has a paramount influence on final solidification microstructures and mechanical behaviors of materials. The competitive grain growth during directional solidification is a key factor for microstructures controlling, especially for the preparation of single crystal turbine blades. In recent years, the competitive grain growth during directional solidification becomes a hot spot due to an increasing demand for the single crystal preparation and inconsistent experimental results with the classical Walton-Chalmers model. In this paper, the mechanism of competitive grain growth based on the classical Walton-Chalmers model and its challenges were firstly discussed, and then some recent research progresses in converging growth and diverging growth in two dimensional spaces, and non-uniplanar growth in three dimensional spaces were reviewed. Furthermore, the recent works of our group on competitive grain growth during directional solidification by using the phase field method were introduced. Finally, the outlooks of future studies on competitive grain growth during directional solidification are presented.

Key words: directional solidification competitive grain growth phase field method research progress

Received: 20 December 2017

ZTFLH:

TG244

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51371151 and 51571165)

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	Jincheng WANG
	Chunwen GUO
	Junjie LI
	Zhijun WANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00543 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I5/657

Fig.1 Schematic of Walton-Charmers model (A1, A2—favorably oriented grains; B—unfavorably oriented grain; Δz—the distance between dendrite tips of favorably oriented grains and the liquidus; Δz_θ—the distance between dendrite tips of unfavorably oriented grains and the liquidus; θ—the angle between the growth direction of unfavorably oriented dendrites and thermal gradient direction)^[22]

Fig.2 Unusual overgrowth of converging grains during directional solidification in a superalloy^[32]
(θ_GB—the grain boundary orientation)

Fig.3 Unusual overgrowth in bi-crystal converging growth during directional solidification (An—favorably oriented dendrites, Bn—unfavorably oriented dendrites, λ_GB—primary dentrite spacing, t—time) (a) phase-filed simulation results^[22] (b) transparent alloy in-situ observation results^[39]

Fig.4 Dendrite microstructures at different time (Δt₁, Δt₂, Δt₃—time intervals between the occurrences of new primary arm generation from the favorably oriented grain)^[54]
(a1~a4) simulation results (b1~b4) experimental results

Fig.5 Simulated side-branching behaviors in favorably oriented grain at diverging grain boundary (Sn—long side branches; z₀—the distance between the interface position where the side-branching activity is recorded and the dendrite tip; x(z₀, t)—side-branching signal)^[54]
(a1, a2) snapshots of favorably oriented dendrite at diverging grain boundary
(b1, b2) side-branching signals extracted from dendrites A1 and A2, respectively

Fig.6 Schematics of competitive grain growth with different configurations (a~c) (A, C—favorably oriented grains, B—unfavorably oriented grain)^[54]

Fig.7 Schematics of bi-crystal configurations in three dimensional spaces^[40]
(a) converging growth without secondary dendrite rotation
(b) converging growth with secondary dendrites of grain A deviating from the grain boundary by 45°
(c) non-uniplanar growth with secondary dendrites of grain A deviating from the grain boundary by 45°

Fig.8 Converging competitive growth in large-scale simulations (θ_UO—the orientation angle of unfavorably oriented grain)^[50]
(a) 0.05×10⁶th step (1.3 s) (b) 0.25×10⁶th step (6.7 s) (c) 1×10⁶th step (26.8 s) (d) 3×10⁶th step (80.4 s) (e) 7×10⁶th step (187.5 s)

Fig.9 Cross-sectional microstructure evolution of the converging bi-crystal at the pulling distance of 15 mm (a), 25 mm (b) and 35mm (c)^[41]

Fig.10 Non-planar competitive growth of Ni-based superalloy (a)^[35] and DD8 superalloy (b)^[40] in experiments

Fig.11 Phase field simulation results of space view of new primary arms in the favorably oriented grain (N1, N2, N3—new primary arms developed from the favorably oriented grain)

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