Dual-Cluster Characteristic and Composition Optimization of Finemet Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546

Acta Metall Sin

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (7): 833-841 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546

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Dual-Cluster Characteristic and Composition Optimization of Finemet Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys

Yaoxiang GENG¹(

),Xin LIN²,Jianbing QIANG³,Yingmin WANG³,Chuang DONG³

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
3 Key Lab of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

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Yaoxiang GENG,Xin LIN,Jianbing QIANG,Yingmin WANG,Chuang DONG. Dual-Cluster Characteristic and Composition Optimization of Finemet Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(7): 833-841.

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Abstract

The development of nanocrystalline Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu alloys, commercially known as Finemet, has established a new approach to obtain soft-magnetic materials with high magnetic flux density. The material consists of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix, which is made by means of partial crystallization. The composition and local structure of the precursor amorphous alloys are crucial for the formation of the unique nanocrystalline structure. The present study is devoted to understanding the composition characteristics and developing new compositions of Finemet alloys. Using the “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model and noticing the crystallization characteristic of Finemet alloy, a “dual-cluster” amorphous structure model is proposed. In this model, the precursor amorphous structure of Finemet alloy is considered to contain a mixture of the [(Si, B)-B₂(Fe, Nb)₈]Fe cluster derived from the Fe-B-Si-Nb bulk glassy alloys, and the [Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si_12/13)₃ cluster from Fe₃Si phase. A series of new Finemet nanocrystalline alloy compositions are designed by mixing [(Si, B)-B₂(Fe, Nb)₈]Fe and [Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si_12/13)₃ cluster formulas with a ratio of 1∶1. Thermal analysis results show that [(Si_0.8B_0.2)-B₂Fe_7.2Nb_0.8]Fe+[Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si1_2/13)₃ (alloy composition: Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77) amorphous alloy exhibits a maximal temperature interval of about 192 K between the first and second crystallization peaks. Magnetic measurement results show that the Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 nanocrystalline alloy exhibits optimal soft magnetic properties with a saturation magnetization B_s about 1.26 T, a coercive force H_c about 0.5 A/m and an effective permeability μ_e about 8.5×10⁵ at 1 kHz after isothermal annealing at 813 K for 60 min. The soft magnetic properties of the new composition nanocrystalline alloys are better than that of the typical Finemet nanocrystalline alloy (Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₃).

Key words: Finemet nanocrystalline alloy “dual-cluster” model composition design soft magnetic property

Received: 05 December 2016

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51671045 and 51601073), International Magnetic Confined Fusion Energy Development (Nos.2013GB107003 and 2015GB105003), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.DUT16ZD209) and Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (No.SKLSP201607)

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	Yaoxiang GENG
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	Chuang DONG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I7/833

Fig.1 Number of atoms per unit volume ρ_a distributions around Si and Fe atoms in Fe₃Si phase (Fe¹ and Fe² represent different Fe atom positions in Fe₃Si phase, r represent cluster radius)

Table 1 Cluster formulas, corresponding chemical compositions, r, densities ρ and valence electron number per unit cluster formula e/u of Fe-Si binary alloys

Table 2 New compositions after design (Nos.1~6) and typical composition (No.7) of Finemet nanocrystalline alloys

Fig.2 XRD spectra of samples No.1~No.7

Fig.3 DTA curves of samples No.1~No.7 (T_x1—onset crystallization temperature of first crystallization peak, T_p1—first maximum peak temperature, T_x2—onset crystallization temperature of second crystallization peak, T_p2—second maximum peak temperature, T_l—liquid temperature)

Table 3 T_x1, T_p1, T_x2, T_p2, ΔT_p and T_l of samples No.1~No.7 (K)

Fig.4 XRD spectra of Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous alloys after isothermal annealing at room temperature~793 K (a) and 813~973 K (b) for 60 min

Fig.5 HRTEM image and SAED pattern (inset) of Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous alloy after annealing at 713 K for 60 min

Fig.6 Bright-field TEM image (a) and SAED pattern (b) of Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous alloy after annealing at 873 K for 60 min

Fig.7 Bright-field TEM image and SAED patterns for region I (a) and SAED patterns for region II (b~d) of Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous alloy after annealing at 973 K for 60 min

Fig.8 Changes of grain size D with isothermal temperature for Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 nanocrystalline alloys

Fig.9 Changes of saturation magnetization B_s and coercive force H_c with annealing temperature for No.4 amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys

Table 4 Changes of D, B_s, H_c and effective permeability μ_e of Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous alloys at different annealing temperatures T

Fig.10 Changes of μ_e and H_c with different annealing temperatures for Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 No.4 amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys

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