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Acta Metall Sin  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (3): 298-306    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00379
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Effects of W on Microstructural Stability of the Third Generation Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys
Bo WANG,Jun ZHANG(),Xuejiao PAN,Taiwen HUANG,Lin LIU,Hengzhi FU
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Bo WANG,Jun ZHANG,Xuejiao PAN,Taiwen HUANG,Lin LIU,Hengzhi FU. Effects of W on Microstructural Stability of the Third Generation Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloys. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(3): 298-306.

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Abstract  

Ni-based single crystal superalloys are widely used in the manufacture of aero engine turbine blades because of the excellent mechanical properties at high temperature. With the development of single crystal superalloys, the content of refractory elements is constantly increased (especially Re) to improve the high temperature capability, which in turn leads to the decrease in microstructural stability of alloys, such as the TCP phase precipitation. It is important to find one element which not only can maintain high temperature performance but also does not evidently promote TCP phase precipitation and is very cheap in price to replace Re partially. W is one of the most important solution strengthening elements in superalloys, its diffusion rate in Ni matrix is close to Re and far below the other alloying elements, meanwhile, the advantage of low price make it to be the most suitable substitute of Re. However, there is little work about the effect of W on microstructural stability in Re contained third generation superalloys. In this work, the effects of W on the elemental segregation, elemental partitioning ratio of γ /γ′, microstructure evolution and TCP phase precipitation during thermal exposure at 950, 1000 and 1050 ℃ have been investigated in a third generation Ni-based single crystal superalloys with varied contents of W (6%~8%, mass fraction). The results show that the addition of W has no obvious effect on segregation of the alloying elements of as-cast alloys as well as the morphology, size and volume fraction of γ′ phase after heat treatment. During the thermal exposure at 950 ℃, the connection and deformation of γ′ phase are accelerated, but its coarsening rate is decreased with increasing W content. The TCP phases precipitated in three alloys during thermal exposure are mainly μ phase and σ phase. The area fraction of TCP phases is increased slightly with the W addition during thermal exposure, which is the largest at 1000 ℃, less at 950 ℃ and the least at 1050 ℃.

Key words:  Ni-based single crystal superalloy      microstructural stability      Wγ′ phase      TCP phase     
Received:  22 August 2016     
Fund: Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2012AA03A511), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50931004 and 51331005) and the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (No.2014JM622)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00379     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I3/298

Alloy Al Ta Cr Mo Co Re W Ni
S1 5.69 8.04 4.24 2.05 8.36 4.03 5.92 Bal.
S2 5.68 7.95 4.21 2.03 8.55 4.10 6.97 Bal.
S3 5.66 7.94 4.26 2.01 8.43 4.09 8.07 Bal.
Table 1  Initial chemical compositions of three alloys (mass fraction / %)
Fig.1  Segregation ratio (k) with and without solution heat treatment
Fig.2  Morphologies of γ′ phase in dendrite core of S1 (a), S2 (b) and S3 (c) alloys after full heat treatment
Fig.3  Elemental partitioning ratio of three alloys after solution and ageing treatment
Fig.4  Morphologies of γ′ phase in dendrite core of S1 (a~d), S2 (e~h) and S3 (i~l) alloys after thermal exposure for 100 h (a, e, i), 200 h (b, f, j), 500 h (c, g, k) and 1000 h (d, h, l) at 950 ℃
Fig.5  Size of γ′ in dendrite core at different thermal exposure times (a) and coarsening rate of γ′ phase in dendrite core in early 200 h of thermal exposure (b) for three alloys at 950 ℃ (a-instantaneous particle radius)
Fig.6  Morphologies of TCP phase in dendrite core of S1 (a, d, g), S2 (b, e, h) and S3 (c, f, i) alloys during thermal exposure at 950 ℃ (a~c), 1000 ℃ (d~f) and 1050 ℃ (g~i) for 1000 h
Fig.7  TEM images and corresponding SADP of μ phase (a) and σ phase (b) precipitated after 1000 h thermal exposure, and σ phase (c) precipitated after 100 h thermal exposure of alloy S1 at 1000 ℃
Fig.8  Area fractions of TC P phase in S1, S2 and S3 alloys after exposure for 1000 h at different temperatures
Alloy ST Sg ΔS
S1 31.00 35.93 4.93
S2 31.18 36.70 5.52
S3 31.70 39.43 7.73
Table 2  Values of ST, Sg and ΔS of three alloys calculated by REN method
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