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Acta Metall Sin  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (4): 406-414    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00257
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Effect of Dimple Depth on Friction Properties of Aluminum Alloy Under Different Lubrication Conditions
Mingming MA,Feng LIAN(),Luping ZANG,Qiukuan XIANG,Huichen ZHANG
College of Transportation Equipments and Ocean Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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Mingming MA,Feng LIAN,Luping ZANG,Qiukuan XIANG,Huichen ZHANG. Effect of Dimple Depth on Friction Properties of Aluminum Alloy Under Different Lubrication Conditions. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(4): 406-414.

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Abstract  

Notable properties of aluminum alloy such as high strength-to-weight ratio, easy to be recycled and good welding properties lead to a wide range of applications in marine industry. However, in addition to many advantages, there are also a lot obvious shortcomings in tribological properties. Especially, the passive state film of aluminum alloy could be destroyed by the Cl- in seawater and harsh marine environment, which can erode into the defects and then aggravate the friction behavior, and limit the use of aluminum alloy in the field of marine engineering. In recent years, the super-hydrophobic surfaces are gaining a wide application prospects in the field of marine engineering due to their properties of drag reduction, anti-adhesion and anti-corrosion abilities. In order to improve the tribological properties of aluminum alloy, the amphiphobic aluminum alloy surface is constructed through building dimple of cone frustum texture with depths of 15 and 30 μm on the surface of 5083 warship aluminum alloy by laser processing and changing the surface wettability by coating the nano-SiO2 powders and low surface energy modification. And the tribological performance was examined by high speed reciprocating friction test machine (HSR-2M) in the water/seawater/oil lubrication respectively. The test results show that the surface with dimple depth of 30 μm has stronger amphiphobic performance and tribological performance than that of 15 μm. Compared with the simple texture surface, the amphiphobic surface with both texture and chemical composition can improve the tribological performance significantly. The friction coefficient and the wear loss of amphiphobic surface are minimal in oil. The friction coefficient of amphiphobic surface in seawater is smaller than that in water while the wear loss of the former is bigger. The simulation results showed that the carrying capacity of the lubricating film increases first and then decreases as the increment of the dimple depth. The carrying capacity of the lubricating film is the biggest when the depth of cone frustum was 75 μm. It can be concluded that the amphiphobic surface can significantly improve the tribological properties of aluminum alloy in different lubrications.
Key words:  aluminum alloy      dimple      amphiphobic      lubrication      tribological property     
Received:  27 June 2016     
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51275064 and 50975036), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.3132016354) and Industrial Research Program of Liaoning Province (No.2012220006)
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Articles by authors
Mingming MA
Feng LIAN
Luping ZANG
Qiukuan XIANG
Huichen ZHANG

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00257     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I4/406

Fig.1  3D topography of surface texture of 5083 aluminum alloy etched by laser
Fig.2  Cross-section topographies of dimple with depths of 15 μm (a) and 30 μm (b) etched by laser
Droplet Polishing Vacancy Low energy With SiO2
hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm
Water 71.8 <5 <5 149.1 154..8 158.4 160.7
Sea water 65.3 <5 <5 131.3 144.2 147.1 153.8
Oil 53.3 <5 <5 108.3 114.6 120.4 125.2
Table 1  Contact angles of different droplets on specimens
Fig.3  Model of dimple of cone frustum texture (L—spacing of calculate cell, R—large radius of cone frustum, r—small radius of cone frustum)
Fig.4  Friction coefficients of vacancy and polishing specimens in water (a), sea water (b) and oil (c)
Fig.5  Friction coefficients of amphiphobic surface in water (a), sea water (b) and oil (c)
Fig.6  Schematic of cross-section of friction pair (U—relative speed of friction pair, h0—minimum film thickness)
Lubricant Polishing Vacancy Low energy With SiO2
hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm
Water 0.714 0.654 0.616 0.631 0.587 0.534 0.496
Sea water 0.687 0.631 0.578 0.610 0.550 0.492 0.448
Oil 0.190 0.164 0.139 0.142 0.125 0.112 0.097
Table 2  Average values of friction coefficient of specimens in different lubricants
Lubricant Polishing Vancacy Low energy With SiO2
hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm hp=15 μm hp=30 μm
Water 2.510 2.424 2.357 2.281 2.113 2.065 1.983
Sea water 2.696 2.568 2.395 2.317 2.204 2.116 2.012
Oil 0.355 0.254 0.228 0.223 0.206 0.197 0.182
Table 3  Wear losses of specimens in different lubricants (108 μm3)
Fig.7  Dimensionless lubricating film pressure (P) distribution of dimple with depths of 15 μm (a) and 30 μm (b) in water
Fig.8  Effects of dimple depth on dimensionless average pressure of lubricating film in different lubricants
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