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金属学报  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (7): 842-850    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00421
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焊前混合表面纳米化对2A14铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响
杨建海1,张玉祥1(),葛利玲2,程晓3,陈家照1,高杨1
1 火箭军工程大学 西安 710025
2 西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院 西安 710048
3 中国航天科技集团长征机械厂 成都 610100
Effect of Hybrid Surface Nanocrystallization Before Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2A14 Aluminum Alloy Joints
Jianhai YANG1,Yuxiang ZHANG1(),Liling GE2,Xiao CHENG3,Jiazhao CHEN1,Yang GAO1
1 Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi'an 710025, China
2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China
3 Chang Zheng Machinery Factory, China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Chengdu 610100, China
引用本文:

杨建海,张玉祥,葛利玲,程晓,陈家照,高杨. 焊前混合表面纳米化对2A14铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头微观组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(7): 842-850.
Jianhai YANG, Yuxiang ZHANG, Liling GE, Xiao CHENG, Jiazhao CHEN, Yang GAO. Effect of Hybrid Surface Nanocrystallization Before Welding on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded 2A14 Aluminum Alloy Joints[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(7): 842-850.

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摘要: 

采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)和表面机械滚压处理(SMRT)相结合的混合表面纳米化(HSNC)方法在2A14铝合金表面制备出梯度纳米结构(GNS)表层,之后进行了搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)。利用OM、SEM和TEM对比研究了HSNC样品和原始样品FSW焊缝的微观组织和断裂形貌。结果表明,GNS表层以类似“S”线复杂形式分布在HSNC样品的热机影响区(TMAZ)和焊核区(NZ)中,形成了纳米层区(NLZ);原始样品显微硬度最低处和断裂位置均发生在前进侧的TMAZ,HSNC样品显微硬度最低处和断裂位置均发生在NZ;HSNC样品的抗拉强度比原始样品提高了6.4%,延伸率比原始样品提高了14.1%,两者的断裂方式均为韧性断裂,但原始样品断口形貌为非等轴韧窝和撕裂韧窝,HSNC样品断口形貌为等轴韧窝。分析表明,由于纳米晶的优异性能,NLZ在提高焊缝强度的同时提高了塑性变形能力。

关键词 铝合金混合表面纳米化搅拌摩擦焊显微组织力学性能    
Abstract

2A14 aluminum alloy is the important raw materials of aerospace, which belongs to the heat treatment aluminum alloy. Friction stir welding (FSW) can weld aluminum alloy with high quality, and can avoid the pores and cracks of fusion welding effectively. In order to obtain better mechanical properties of FSW joints, the surface nanocrystallization method is introduced into FSW technology. By means of the hybrid surface nanocrystallization (HSNC) method of both supersonic fine particles bombarding (SFPB) and surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT), a smooth gradient nanostructured (GNS) layer was formed on the surface of 2A14 aluminum alloy before FSW. The FSW joints microstructure and fracture morphology of the original and HSNC specimens were researched by OM, SEM and TEM. The results showed that nanostructure layer zone (NLZ) was formed when GNS with shape similar to the "S" line was distributed in the thermal-mechanical affected zone (TMAZ) and the nugget zone (NZ) of the HSNC specimen. The lowest micro-hardness and fracture position of the original specimen occurred on the TMAZ of advancing side (AS). The lowest micro-hardness and fracture position of the HSNC specimen occurred on the NZ. The tensile strength of HSNC specimen was 6.4% higher than the original sample. The elongation of HSNC specimen was 14.1% more than the original specimen. The fracture mode of both specimens was toughness fracture. The fracture morphology of the HSNC was isometric dimple when the fracture morphology of original specimen were non-isometric dimple and avulsion dimple. Analysis showed that the NLZ of the FSW joints was beneficial to improving the strength and the plastic deformation capability simultaneously.

Key wordsaluminum alloy    hybrid surface nanocrystallization    friction stir welding    microstructure    mechanical property
收稿日期: 2016-09-21     
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No.51275517、陕西省科技计划项目No.2009K06-22和西安理工大学特色研究项目No.2014TS002
图1  表面机械滚压处理装置示意图[19]
图2  搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)搅拌头照片
图3  原始和混合表面纳米化(HSNC)处理的FSW接头横截面的OM像
图4  2A14铝合金母材显微组织的OM像
图5  原始样品和HSNC样品的OM像
图6  原始样品和HSNC样品的TEM像
图7  2A14铝合金FSW接头显微硬度分布
图8  原始样品和HSNC样品FSW接头断裂位置图
Sample Yield strength / MPa Ultimate strength / MPa Elongation / % Fracture position
Base metal 315 429 15.0
Original 210 362 7.8 TMAZ (AS)
HSNC 220 385 8.9 NZ
表1  原始样品与HSNC样品FSW接头的拉伸力学性能和断裂位置
图9  原始样品和HSNC样品的FSW接头断口的SEM像
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