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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (3): 377-384    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00326
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退火工艺对含Nb高强无取向硅钢组织及性能的影响
黄俊, 罗海文()
北京科技大学冶金与生态工程学院 北京 100083
Influence of Annealing Process on Microstructures, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Nb-Containing High-Strength Non-Oriented Silicon Steel
Jun HUANG, Haiwen LUO()
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
引用本文:

黄俊, 罗海文. 退火工艺对含Nb高强无取向硅钢组织及性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(3): 377-384.
Jun HUANG, Haiwen LUO. Influence of Annealing Process on Microstructures, Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Nb-Containing High-Strength Non-Oriented Silicon Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(3): 377-384.

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摘要: 

研究了退火工艺对含Nb高强冷轧无取向硅钢组织、磁性能与力学性能的影响。退火温度升高与退火时间延长均可导致Nb在晶界处的偏聚减弱、富Nb析出相粒子的固溶与粗化,因此阻止晶界迁移的钉扎力降低,晶粒长大;富Nb相粒子粗化与晶粒长大均可降低铁损,但也同时使得强度显著降低。因此,含Nb高强冷轧无取向硅钢的磁性能与力学性能无法同时得到优化。当采用940 ℃保温270 s退火工艺后,Nb偏聚于该钢晶界并同时有大量富Nb相粒子析出,有效抑制了晶粒长大与γ织构的发展,可以在磁感和铁损尚未明显恶化的情况下,通过晶粒细化和析出强化有效提高该钢的屈服强度,达到该钢磁性能与力学性能的最佳匹配,此时磁感应强度B50为1.690 T,铁损P1.5/50为4.86 W/kg,P1.0/400为30.47 W/kg,屈服强度为505 MPa,断后伸长率为17.55%。

关键词 高强度无取向硅钢Nb再结晶磁性能力学性能    
Abstract

As the core material of transaction motor for electrical/hybrid vehicles, the non-oriented silicon steel (NOSS) sheets require not only the good magnetic properties, i.e. high permeability and low iron loss, but also high yield strength to resist the centrifugal force during the high speed rotation. In this work, Nb element was added into the conventional NOSS to improve the strength without sacrificing the good magnetic properties too much. The effects of annealing process on the microstructures, magnetic and mechanical properties of Nb-containing high-strength non-oriented cold-rolled silicon steel were studied. The increases of annealing temperature and time both lead to the reduced segreation of Nb at grain boundaries and the solution and ripening of precipitates, which means the decreased suppression on the migration of grain boundaries; thus, the recrystallized grains start to grow; particularly, the density of {111}<112> texture component may increase to deteriorate the magnetic flux density, B50. The best mechanical and magnetic properties cannot be achieved at the same time. The annealing process at 940 ℃ for 270 s could lead to the best combination of mechanical and magnetic properties, which include B50 of 1.69 T, the iron loss P1.5/50 of 4.86 W/kg and P1.0/400 of 30.47 W/kg, resulting from both the segregation of solute Nb at grain boundaries and the extensive precipitation which refrains the grain growth and development of harmful γ texture. Therefore, the yield strength is increased due to both grain refinement and precipitation strengthening without greatly sacrificing the permeability and iron loss.

Key wordshigh strength non-oriented silicon steel    niobium    recrystallization    magnetic property    mechanical property
收稿日期: 2017-08-01     
作者简介:

作者简介 黄 俊,男,1991年生,硕士生

图1  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同工艺退火后组织的OM像
图2  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同工艺退火后富Nb相粒子的形貌变化及热力学性质图
图3  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同工艺退火后Nb元素在钢中的分布图
图4  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同工艺退火后获得的工频铁损P1.5/50、高频铁损P1.0/400和磁感应强度B50
图5  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同工艺退火后的力学性能
Annealing process Average size of
ferrite grain / μm
Average size of
Nb-rich particle / nm
Volume fraction of particle
940 ℃, 240 s 15.7±4.0 101.34 0.0043
940 ℃, 270 s 17.5±5.3 117.96 0.0047
940 ℃, 300 s 20.2±6.7 126.99 0.0052
940 ℃, 330 s 29.0±8.1 144.76 0.0039
980 ℃, 240s 30.2±13.7 171.96 0.0011
980 ℃, 270 s 38.4±18.2 97.51 0.0005
表1  含Nb无取向硅钢经不同退火工艺处理后实测的富Nb析出相粒子尺寸与分数及铁素体晶粒尺寸
图6  含Nb无取向硅钢冷轧后的ODF图及不同工艺退火后的γ织构、η织构
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