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金属学报  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (10): 1231-1242    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2019.00049
  本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
可时效强化Mg-Sn基合金的研究进展
石章智1,2(),张敏3,黄雪飞4,刘雪峰1,2,5,张文征6
1. 北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院 北京100083
2. 北京科技大学现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室 北京100083
3. 北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院 北京 100044
4. 四川大学材料科学与工程学院 成都 610065
5. 北京科技大学材料先进制备技术教育部重点实验室 北京 100083
6. 清华大学材料科学与工程学院先进材料教育部重点实验室 北京 100084
Research Progress in Age-Hardenable Mg-Sn Based Alloys
SHI Zhangzhi1,2(),ZHANG Min3,HUANG Xuefei4,LIU Xuefeng1,2,5,ZHANG Wenzheng6
1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2. Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3. School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
4. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
5. Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing of Ministry of Education, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
6. Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
引用本文:

石章智, 张敏, 黄雪飞, 刘雪峰, 张文征. 可时效强化Mg-Sn基合金的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(10): 1231-1242.
Zhangzhi SHI, Min ZHANG, Xuefei HUANG, Xuefeng LIU, Wenzheng ZHANG. Research Progress in Age-Hardenable Mg-Sn Based Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(10): 1231-1242.

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摘要: 

Mg-Sn基合金是可时效强化镁合金,主要析出相是Mg2Sn。Mg-Sn二元相图中富Mg端的共晶温度显著高于Mg-Al和Mg-Zn二元相图中富Mg端的共晶温度,与Mg-RE的相近,有望发展成为不含稀土的低成本耐热镁合金。本文系统总结了可时效强化Mg-Sn基合金的研究进展,澄清了该类合金组织研究中的基本问题,梳理了合金化的发展脉络,全面且深入地分析了Mg/Mg2Sn固态相变系统的特征,并对Mg-Sn基合金未来的研究进行了展望。

关键词 镁合金时效强化合金设计固态相变    
Abstract

Mg-Sn based alloy system is a typical age-hardenable Mg alloy system with Mg2Sn as the major precipitation phase. Eutectic temperature at Mg-rich end of Mg-Sn phase diagram is much higher than those of Mg-Al and Mg-Zn phase diagrams, which is comparable to that of Mg-RE phase diagram. So Mg-Sn based alloys are hopeful candidates of rare-earth free heat resistant Mg alloys with low cost. This paper systematically reviews research progress in age-hardenable Mg-Sn based alloys. The main second phase β-Mg2Sn has a fcc structure with different lattice parameters reported, one of which the most frequently adopted is aβ≈0.676 nm, agreeing well with calculations of interfacial orientations. Twelve orientation relationships (ORs) between Mg2Sn precipitates and Mg matrix have been identified. Those with similar morphologies, i.e., the same long axis direction or the same habit plane, are possibly related to different ORs. Addition of Zn benefits the appearance of β-Mg2Sn precipitates inclined to the Mg basal plane, which are more effective to hinder dislocation movement on the basal plane and result in a greater strengthening effect. Effects of various alloying elements on age-hardening response and mechanical properties of Mg-Sn binary alloys have been summarized. Elements such as Zn, Al, Ag and Na can enhance age-hardening responses. Due to formation of highly thermal stable compounds with Sn, RE, Ca, Sr and Li exhibit negative effects. Consequently, alloy design of Mg-Sn based alloys faces more difficulties, requiring an in-depth investigation of phase transformation processes. Finally, future research directions have been specified.

Key wordsMg alloy    age-hardenable    alloy design    solid-state phase transformation
收稿日期: 2019-02-25     
ZTFLH:  TG146.22  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51601010)
作者简介: 石章智,男,1984年生,副教授,博士
图1  Mg2Sn晶体结构示意图
No.ORMorphology
1{110}β//(0001)α, <001>β//<112ˉ0>α,Basal lath, long axis //<112ˉ0>α[24]
<11ˉ0>β//<1ˉ100>α
2{110}β//{0001}α, <11ˉ1>β//<112ˉ0>α,Basal lath, long axis about 3.0°[18] or
<11ˉ2ˉ>β//<1ˉ100>α10.2°[25] away from <1ˉ100>α
3{111}β//{0001}α, <11ˉ0>β//<112ˉ0>α,(I) Basal faceted plate, side facets //{112ˉ}β//{1ˉ100}α;
<112ˉ>β//<1ˉ100>α(II) Faceted particle, F1//{111}β//(0001)α,
F2//{113ˉ}β, F3//{115}β[23]; (III) Basal lath[26]
4{111}β//{0001}α, <112ˉ>β//<112ˉ0>α,(I) Basal lath; (II) Faceted particle[24]
<1ˉ10>β//<1ˉ100>α
5{111}β//{0001}α,Basal faceted plate, side facets //
<11ˉ0>β about -9.2° from <2ˉ110>α{7.05, 7.45ˉ, 0.40}β//{3.16ˉ, 2.16, 1, 0}α[27]
6{110}β//{0001}α, <11ˉ0>β//<112ˉ0>α,Basal lath, long axis //<112ˉ0>α[28]
<001>β//<11ˉ00>α
7{110}β//{0001}α, <1ˉ12>β//<112ˉ0>α,

Basal lath, long axis //<112ˉ0>α[28]

<1ˉ11ˉ>β//<11ˉ00>α
8<011>β//<011ˉ0>α,Inclined lath, when OR angle is 0.39°,
{011ˉ}β about 0.36°~1.20°F1 (i.e., HP) //{011}β//{011ˉ0}α,
from {0001}α OR angle ofF2//{1, 9.1, 9.1ˉ}β//{2, 1ˉ, 1ˉ, 38.3ˉ}α
0.39° appears most frequently(Major side facet, 4.7° from the basal plane)[29]
9<011>β//<011ˉ0>α,Inclined lath, long axis about 39° from the basal plane,
{100}β about -15.6° from {0001}αF1//{111ˉ}β//{21ˉ1ˉ4}α,
RM: g{111ˉ}β//g{21ˉ1ˉ4}α,F2//{31ˉ1}β//{2ˉ114}α, F3//{100}β//{2ˉ, 1, 1, 12}α,
<011>β//<011ˉ0>αF4//{13ˉ3}β//{30ˉ, 15, 15, 2ˉ}α[17]
10<01ˉ1ˉ>β//<011ˉ0>α,Inclined lath, long axis about 39° from the basal plane,
{100}β about 4.0° from {2ˉ110}αF1//{1ˉ1ˉ1}β//{21ˉ1ˉ4}α,
RM, twin OR with respect to OR9F2//{11ˉ1}β//{2ˉ115}α, F3//{100}β//{18ˉ, 9, 9, 2}α[17]
11<011>β//<21ˉ1ˉ0>α,Inclined lath, long axis 79.6° from the basal plane,
{11ˉ1}β about -15.4° from {0001}αF1//{533ˉ}β//{03ˉ31}α,
RM: g{533ˉ}β//g{03ˉ31}αF2//{011ˉ}β//{02ˉ23ˉ}α[14,16]
<011>β//<21ˉ1ˉ0>α
12<011>β//<21ˉ1ˉ0>α,Inclined faceted plate, F1//{511ˉ}β//{011ˉ4}α,
{111ˉ}β about 13.7° from {0001}αwhich is 26.0° from the basal plane,
RM: g{511ˉ}β//g{011ˉ4}αF2 and F3 are 46.8° and 75.3° from the basal plane,
<011>β//<21ˉ1ˉ0>αrespectively[14,16]
表1  Mg2Sn (β)析出相和Mg (α)的位向关系(OR)及其形貌[14,16,17,18,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]
图2  Mg/Mg2Sn固态相变系统中Δg平行法则和列匹配示例
图3  运用二次重位点阵模型解释多种镁合金中析出相的形貌和位向关系[24,27,34,35]
图4  OR11型Mg2Sn析出相的倒空间和正空间列匹配[16]
图5  合金化对Mg-Sn基合金力学性能的影响(图中数据来自文献[15,22,26,43,45~77])
EffectMechanismAlloying element
Positive

Promote nucleation of Mg2Sn

Refine Mg2Sn

Promote inclined Mg2Sn morphology

Form precipitates other than Mg2Sn

Na, Zn, Ag, Hf, In+Li

Zn, Al, Cu

Zn

Zn, Ag, Al, Mn

NegativeDecrease volume fraction of Mg2SnRE, Ca, Sr, Li
NegligibleForm thermally stable Sn-free phase difficult to be soluted in Mg matrixSi, Sb
UncertainForm Sn-containing phase yet not sure whether can be soluted in Mg matrix or notBa, Sc
表2  合金元素对Mg-Sn基合金时效强化的作用
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