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金属学报  2019, Vol. 55 Issue (3): 349-361    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2018.00359
  本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
核用304不锈钢辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂研究
邓平1,2,孙晨3,彭群家1,4(),韩恩厚1,柯伟1,焦治杰5
1. 中国科学院金属研究所中国科学院核用材料与安全性评价重点实验室 沈阳 110016
2. 中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110016
3. 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 北京 102209
4. 苏州热工研究院有限公司 苏州 215004
5. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Study on Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nuclear Grade 304 Stainless Steel
Ping DENG1,2,Chen SUN3,Qunjia PENG1,4(),En-Hou HAN1,Wei KE1,Zhijie JIAO5
1. CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
3. State Power Investment Corporation Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
4. Suzhou Nuclear Power Research Institute, Suzhou 215004, China
5. Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
引用本文:

邓平,孙晨,彭群家,韩恩厚,柯伟,焦治杰. 核用304不锈钢辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂研究[J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55(3): 349-361.
Ping DENG, Chen SUN, Qunjia PENG, En-Hou HAN, Wei KE, Zhijie JIAO. Study on Irradiation Assisted Stress Corrosion Cracking of Nuclear Grade 304 Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2019, 55(3): 349-361.

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摘要: 

采用2 MeV质子束在360 ℃对国产核用304不锈钢试样进行了辐照实验,利用高温高压水环境的慢应变速率拉伸实验(SSRT)和SEM、EBSD、TEM等研究了核用304不锈钢辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂(IASCC)机理。结果表明,慢应变速率拉伸过程中辐照促进材料晶界和表面滑移台阶处形成应变集中,且其程度随辐照剂量增加而增加。滑移台阶穿过或终止于晶界,终止于晶界的台阶造成晶界处产生不连续滑移,易将位错传输到晶界,在晶界区域形成位错塞积和残余应变集中。而台阶不连续滑移的形成则受毗邻晶粒的Schmidt因子对的类型影响。另一方面,辐照促进晶界发生贫Cr富Ni元素偏析,其偏析程度随辐照剂量增加而增加。SSRT实验后辐照试样表面发生明显的沿晶应力腐蚀开裂,且裂纹数量随辐照剂量和外加应变增加而增加。同时,裂纹尖端区域发生明显晶界腐蚀,且氧化物宽度和长度随辐照剂量增加而增加。分析认为,辐照致晶界应变集中和元素偏析的协同作用造成材料变形行为和晶界腐蚀行为变化是IASCC发生的关键因素。

关键词 核用不锈钢质子辐照局部变形腐蚀辐照促进应力腐蚀开裂    
Abstract

Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) of austenitic stainless steel core components is one major concern for maintenance of nuclear power plants. Previous studies on the IASCC had mainly focused on the effect of irradiation on changes in deformation modes and interaction of dislocation channels with grain boundary. The role of corrosion in IASCC, however, has not received sufficient attentions. In the process of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), corrosion occurs simultaneously with localized deformation in the vicinity of the crack tip. This indicates that corrosion is one of the potential contributors to IASCC. In this work, IASCC of proton-irradiated nuclear grade 304 stainless steel (304SS) was investigated. The IASCC tests were conducted by interrupted slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) tests at 320 ℃ in simulated primary water of pressurized water reactor containing 1200 mg/L B as H3BO3 and 2.3 mg/L Li as LiOH·H2O, with a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 2.6 mg/L. Following the SSRT tests, the localized deformation, corrosion and IASCC of the specimens were characterized. The results revealed that increasing the irradiation dose promoted residual strain accumulation at slip steps and grain boundaries of nuclear grade 304SS. Since the slip step usually transmitted or terminated at the grain boundary, it eventually promoted localized deformation at the grain boundary. Specially, the slip step transmitted at grain boundary led to slip continuity at the grain boundary. In contrast, a slip discontinuity was observed at the grain boundary where the slip step terminated, which caused a much higher strain accumulation by feeding dislocations to the grain boundary region. Further, formation of the slip discontinuity was related to the Schmidt factor pair type of the adjacent grains. The irradiation resulted in a depletion of Cr and an enrichment of Ni at grain boundary, while the magnitude of Cr depletion and Ni enrichment increased with increasing the irradiation dose. Following the SSRT tests, intergranular cracking was observed on surfaces of the irradiated specimens, while the number of the cracks was increased by a higher irradiation dose and applied strain. This suggested a higher IASCC susceptibility of nuclear grade 304SS in the primary water. Meanwhile, significant intergranular oxidation ahead of the crack tip was observed, while both the width and length of the oxide were larger at a higher irradiation dose. The synergic effect of irradiation-promoted deformation and intergranular corrosion was the primary cause for the IASCC of the irradiated steel.

Key wordsnuclear grade stainless steel    proton irradiation    localized deformation    corrosion    irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking
收稿日期: 2018-07-31     
ZTFLH:  TG139.4  
基金资助:科技部国际合作专项项目(2014DFA50800);国家自然科学基金项目(51571204);国家核电技术公司基础研究项目(2015SN010-007)
作者简介: 邓 平,男,1989年生,博士生
图1  慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试样形状和尺寸示意图
图2  0.5 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)区域的EBSD分析
图3  5.0 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后SCC区域的EBSD分析
图4  5.0 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后晶界处滑移台阶的EBSD分析
图5  核用304不锈钢中晶粒的Schmidt因子分布和Schmidt因子对类型与晶界开裂的关系
图6  0.5 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后变形结构的TEM像及分析
图7  核用304不锈钢3%应变SSRT实验后SCC行为的表面SEM像及滑移台阶与晶界作用示意图
图8  核用304不锈钢间断SSRT实验后表面SCC裂纹统计结果
图9  核用304不锈钢SSRT实验至断裂失效后表面二次裂纹的SEM像
图10  0.5 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后裂纹尖端TEM像与分析
图11  5.0 dpa辐照试样经3%应变SSRT实验后裂纹尖端TEM像与分析
图12  0.5和5.0 dpa辐照试样在一回路水中SSRT实验后断口的SEM像
图13  Schmidt因子和台阶滑移促进晶界应变集中示意图
图14  晶界局部变形和局部腐蚀促进IASCC机制示意图
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