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金属学报  2017, Vol. 53 Issue (11): 1453-1460    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00169
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
晶界氧化对GH4738高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展的作用
徐超, 佴启亮, 姚志浩, 江河, 董建新()
北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100083
Grain Boundary Oxidation Effect of GH4738 Superalloy on Fatigue Crack Growth
Chao XU, Qiliang NAI, Zhihao YAO, He JIANG, Jianxin DONG()
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
引用本文:

徐超, 佴启亮, 姚志浩, 江河, 董建新. 晶界氧化对GH4738高温合金疲劳裂纹扩展的作用[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(11): 1453-1460.
Chao XU, Qiliang NAI, Zhihao YAO, He JIANG, Jianxin DONG. Grain Boundary Oxidation Effect of GH4738 Superalloy on Fatigue Crack Growth[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(11): 1453-1460.

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摘要: 

测定了GH4738合金在650、700、750及800 ℃空气环境下的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dNK曲线及疲劳裂纹扩展寿命a-N曲线,得出了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响规律,并结合组织性能、疲劳特征、高温及室温下晶界氧化情况等分析了温度对合金疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,随着温度升高,GH4738合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率(FCGR)增加,合金的断裂方式由沿晶和穿晶混合型断裂向完全沿晶断裂转变;在初始应力强度因子幅度ΔK为40 MPam1/2、晶粒尺寸为30~40 μm时,合金的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命在650~700 ℃内显著下降,存在一个温度敏感区间,其原因并不是材料的组织和力学性能的变化,主要是高温下的氧化作用所致;O通过裂纹尖端、滑移带间接进入晶界或O直接渗入晶界的方式,与晶界处的活性元素Co、Ti、Al反应生成脆性氧化物,从而降低了晶界强度,使合金的抗疲劳性能显著下降。

关键词 镍基高温合金GH4738疲劳裂纹扩展温度敏感区间氧化    
Abstract

The low cycle fatigue (LCF) experiments of nickel-based turbine disc alloy GH4738 have been carried out at different temperatures in air to investigate the influence of temperature on fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of GH4738 alloy. The FCG curves (da/dNK and a-N) and their regularity have been obtained. The results show that there is a sensitive range of temperature in which the fatigue life for GH4738 decreases sharply. The microstructures and fracture surface morphologies of the GH4738 samples tested at different temperatures were observed by FE-SEM, and changes of the mechanical properties of GH4738 at high temperature were also taken into account through modifying the stress intensity factor amplitude, ΔK. The interruption experiments were carried out at 700 ℃ and room temperature, respectively, to investigate the crack growth mode and oxidation degree at the crack tip and grain boundary of the samples. And the essential reason of temperature influence on FCG behavior of GH4738 was discussed. The result showed that as the temperature increases, the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of GH4738 accelerates, the fracture surface tends to coarse, and the failure mode converts from a mixed transgranular and intergranular fracture to totally intergranular fracture. The fatigue crack growth lifetime decreases remarkably at 650~700 ℃, existing a temperature-sensitive region under ΔK=40 MPam1/2 and 30~40 μm grain size conditions, which is mainly caused by the oxidation at elevated temperature, independent of the microstructure and mechanical property. Oxygen diffuses into the grain boundary through crack tip and slip band, or penetrates directly into the grain boundary, reacts with active elements (Co, Ti, Al) and generates brittle oxides. These brittle oxides result in weakening of grain boundary and significant decrease of fatigue property of GH4738.

Key wordsnickel-based superalloy    GH4738    fatigue crack growth    temperature-sensitive region    oxidation
收稿日期: 2017-05-04     
ZTFLH:  TG146  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目No.51371023
作者简介:

作者简介 徐 超,男,1987年生,博士生

图1  疲劳裂纹扩展实验的标准紧凑拉伸(CT)试样
图2  疲劳加载波形图
图3  GH4738合金组织形貌
图4  GH4738合金疲劳裂纹扩展寿命(a-N)曲线及扩展速率(da/dN-ΔK)曲线
图5  不同温度下GH4738合金的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命
图6  不同温度下GH4738合金疲劳实验后的显微组织
Temperature / ℃ E / GPa σy / MPa
650 151 706
700 137 693
750 132 683
800 126 624
表1  不同温度下GH4738合金弹性模量(E)及屈服强度(σy)[15]
图7  E和σy修正后的GH4738合金da/dN-ΔKnorm曲线
图8  不同温度下GH4738合金的断口形貌
图9  700 ℃下GH4738合金疲劳裂纹形貌及成分分析
图10  室温下GH4738合金疲劳裂纹形貌及成分分析
图11  750 ℃下GH4738合金疲劳裂纹附近的组织形貌
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