Finemet型纳米晶软磁合金的双团簇特征与成分优化

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546

金属学报

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (7): 833-841 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

Finemet型纳米晶软磁合金的双团簇特征与成分优化

耿遥祥¹(

),林鑫²,羌建兵³,王英敏³,董闯³

1 江苏科技大学材料科学与工程学院镇江 212003
2 西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室西安 710072
3 大连理工大学三束材料改性教育部重点实验室大连 116024

Dual-Cluster Characteristic and Composition Optimization of Finemet Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys

Yaoxiang GENG¹(

),Xin LIN²,Jianbing QIANG³,Yingmin WANG³,Chuang DONG³

1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
3 Key Lab of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China

引用本文:

耿遥祥,林鑫,羌建兵,王英敏,董闯. Finemet型纳米晶软磁合金的双团簇特征与成分优化[J]. 金属学报, 2017, 53(7): 833-841.
Yaoxiang GENG, Xin LIN, Jianbing QIANG, Yingmin WANG, Chuang DONG. Dual-Cluster Characteristic and Composition Optimization of Finemet Soft Magnetic Nanocrystalline Alloys[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(7): 833-841.

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摘要:

基于Finemet合金的成分及其非晶前驱体的晶化特征,提出了Finemet型合金的“双团簇”结构模型和团簇式成分,即Finemet合金的非晶前驱体可看作由2类团簇结构构成：一种为基于α-Fe(Si)有序固溶体(例如Fe₃Si相)的[Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si_12/13)₃弱稳定团簇结构;另一种为对应于Fe-B-Si-Nb系块体非晶合金的[(Si, B)-B₂(Fe, Nb)₈]Fe强稳定团簇结构。将2种团簇成分式按等比例混合,设计并制备了多个新成分合金。热分析和磁性测量结果表明,所有成分的非晶样品均显示多峰晶化特征,其中,[(Si_0.8B_0.2)-B₂Fe_7.2Nb_0.8]Fe+[Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si1_2/13)₃ (即Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77)非晶两晶化峰的峰间距(ΔT_p=T_p2-T_p1)最大,约为192 K。该非晶样品在813 K等温退火60 min后获得典型的纳米晶/非晶复相结构,其饱和磁化强度B_s约为1.26 T,矫顽力H_c约为0.5 A/m,1 kHz下的有效磁导率μ_e约为8.5×10⁵。新成分纳米晶合金的综合软磁性能均优于典型成分为Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₃的已有Finemet纳米晶合金。

关键词 ： Finemet纳米晶合金, “双团簇”模型, 成分设计, 软磁性能

Abstract：

The development of nanocrystalline Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu alloys, commercially known as Finemet, has established a new approach to obtain soft-magnetic materials with high magnetic flux density. The material consists of α-Fe(Si) nanocrystals embedded in an amorphous matrix, which is made by means of partial crystallization. The composition and local structure of the precursor amorphous alloys are crucial for the formation of the unique nanocrystalline structure. The present study is devoted to understanding the composition characteristics and developing new compositions of Finemet alloys. Using the “cluster-plus-glue-atom” model and noticing the crystallization characteristic of Finemet alloy, a “dual-cluster” amorphous structure model is proposed. In this model, the precursor amorphous structure of Finemet alloy is considered to contain a mixture of the [(Si, B)-B₂(Fe, Nb)₈]Fe cluster derived from the Fe-B-Si-Nb bulk glassy alloys, and the [Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si_12/13)₃ cluster from Fe₃Si phase. A series of new Finemet nanocrystalline alloy compositions are designed by mixing [(Si, B)-B₂(Fe, Nb)₈]Fe and [Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si_12/13)₃ cluster formulas with a ratio of 1∶1. Thermal analysis results show that [(Si_0.8B_0.2)-B₂Fe_7.2Nb_0.8]Fe+[Si-Fe₁₄](Cu_1/13Si1_2/13)₃ (alloy composition: Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77) amorphous alloy exhibits a maximal temperature interval of about 192 K between the first and second crystallization peaks. Magnetic measurement results show that the Fe₇₄B_7.33Si_15.23Nb_2.67Cu_0.77 nanocrystalline alloy exhibits optimal soft magnetic properties with a saturation magnetization B_s about 1.26 T, a coercive force H_c about 0.5 A/m and an effective permeability μ_e about 8.5×10⁵ at 1 kHz after isothermal annealing at 813 K for 60 min. The soft magnetic properties of the new composition nanocrystalline alloys are better than that of the typical Finemet nanocrystalline alloy (Fe_73.5Si_13.5B₉Cu₁Nb₃).

Key words： Finemet nanocrystalline alloy “dual-cluster” model composition design soft magnetic property

收稿日期: 2016-12-05

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目Nos.51671045,51601073,国际热核聚变实验堆计划项目Nos.2013GB107003和2015GB105003,中央高校基本科研业务费项目No.DUT16ZD209及西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室开放课题项目No.SKLSP201607

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00546 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2017/V53/I7/833

图1 Fe3Si相中以Si和Fe为心时团簇的体原子密度ρa

表1 Fe-Si二元合金的团簇式成分、团簇半径r、密度ρ和单位团簇式所对应的电子浓度e/u

表2 设计获得的Finemet纳米晶合金新成分(Nos.1~6)和典型Finemet纳米晶合金成分(No.7)

图2 No.1~No.7样品的XRD谱

图3 No.1~No.7非晶样品的DTA曲线

表3 No.1~No.7非晶样品的第一晶化峰晶化开始温度Tx1、第一晶化峰峰值温度Tp1、第二晶化峰晶化开始温度Tx2、第二晶化峰峰值温度Tp2、两晶化峰之间的距离ΔTp和液相线温度Tl

图4 No.4非晶样品Fe74B7.33Si15.23Nb2.67Cu0.77在不同温度下等温退火60 min后的XRD谱

图5 No.4非晶样品经713 K退火60 min后的HRTEM像和SAED谱

图6 No.4非晶样品Fe74B7.33Si15.23Nb2.67Cu0.77经873 K退火60 min后的TEM明场像和SAED谱

图7 No.4非晶样品Fe74B7.33Si15.23Nb2.67Cu0.77经973 K退火60 min后的TEM明场像及I区和II区的SAED花样

图8 No.4纳米晶样品Fe74B7.33Si15.23Nb2.67Cu0.77中α-Fe(Si)的晶粒尺寸D与退火温度的关系曲线

图9 No.4非晶和纳米晶合金的饱和磁化强度Bs和矫顽力Hc随退火温度的变化曲线

表4 No.4非晶样品的退火温度T,退火后获得的D、Bs、Hc和有效磁导率μe

图10 No.4非晶和纳米晶合金的μe和Hc随退火温度的变化曲线

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